Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/40

  Polybius (i7. 63), who makes it 5 stadia, of Scylax (v. KBuratnrot), who makes it 4 stadia, and of Pliny (iv. 1) who makes it 500 paces. Anactoriom is described by Strabo as "situated within the bay," while Actiom makes **the month of the bay." (Strab. pp. 326, 451.) Anactorinm, therefbre, must be placed on the promontory of C, Madonna, [For its exact site, see Akaciobium.] The testi- mony of Strabo is confirmed by tiiat of Dion Cassius. The latter writer says (1. 12) that before the mouth cS the strait of the Ambradot gulf, over against the harbours of Nicopolis.'* Cicero tells us (ad Fam, zvL 6, 9) that in ooasdng from Patne to Corcyra he touched at Actium, which he could hardly have done, if it were so far out of his way as the inner strait between C. La Scara and C. Madonna. Thus we come to the conclusion that the promontory of Actium was the modern La Punta (3), and that the temple of Apollo was situated a little to the S., outside the strait, probably near the Fort La Punta (5).
 * < Actium is a temple of ApoUo, and is situated

A few remarks are necessary respecting the site of the battle, which has oonferTed its chief celebrity upon Actium. The fleet of Antony was stationed in the Bag ofPrevua (P). His Snoops had built towers on each side of the mouth of the strait, and they occupied the channel itself with their ^ips. Their camp was near the temple of Apollo, on a leyel spacious ground. Augustus was encamped on the opposite coast of Epirus, (m the spot where Nicopolis afterwards stood; his fleet appears to have been stationed in the Bay of Gomaros, now the harbour of Mitika, to the N. of Kicopolis, in the Ionian sea. Antony was absent from his army at Patrae; but as soon as he heard of the arrival of Augustus, he proceeded to Actium, and after a short time crossed over the strait to Prevesa, and pitched his camp near that of Augustus. But having experienced some misfortunes, he subse- quently re-crossed the strait and joined the main body of his army at Actium. By the advice of Cleopatra he now determined to return to Egypt He accordingly siuled out of the strait, but was compelled by the manoeuvres of Augustus to fighL Aft^ the battle had lasted some hours Cleopatra, who was followed by Antony, sailed through the middle of the contending fleets, and took to flighL They succeeded in making their escape, but most of their ships were destroyed. The battle was, therefore, fought outside of the strait, between La Punta and Prevesa (l(» t&p arwuv^ Dion Cass. 1. 31), and not in the Bay of Prevesa, as is stated by some writers. (Di A'DADA (A8a«o: Eth. 'AJofiftij, PtoL; 'A8a- 8e(rn in old edit, of Strabo; 'OSdSo, Hierocl.), a town in Pisidia of uncertain site. On ooins of Var lerian and Gallienus we find AAAAEHN. Adada is mentioned in the Councils as the see of a bishop. (Artemiod. ap, Strab, xii. p. 570; Ptol. v. 5. §8; Hierocl. p. 674, with Wesseling's note.)

 A'DANA (ri "AJoko: Fth, 'AJoyei/f), a town of Cilicia, which keeps its ancient name, on the west side of the Sams, now the Syhoon or Syhan, It lay on the militaiy road from Tarsus to Lssus, in a fertile ooontiy. There are the remains of a portico. Pompey settled here some of the Cilician jnrates whom he had compelled to submit. (Appian, Mith. 96.) Dion Cassius (xlvii. 31) speaks of Tarsus and Adana being always quarrelling.

 ADANE (A«<£w», Philostorg. H, E. iii. 4), called ATHANA by Plmy (vi. 28. s. 32), and ARABIA FELIX ('A^k cv8at/i«v), in the Periplus of Arrian (p^ 14), now Aden^ the chief seaport in the country of Homeiitae on the S. coast of Arabia. It became at a very early period the great mart for the trade between Egypt, Arabia, and India; and although destroyed by the Romans, probably by Aelius Gallus in his expedition against Arabia, iu the reign of Augustus, it speedily revived, and has ever since remained a place of note. It has revived conspicuously within the last few years, having feUen into the possession of the English, and become one of the stations for the steamers which navigate theRedSAu

 A'DDUA (b 'ASoiJas: Adda), a liver of Gallia Cissipina, one of the largest of the tributaries which bring down the waters of the Alps to the Po. It rises in the Rhaetian Alps near jBormio, and flows through the VaUeUine, into the Lacus Larius or Logo di Como, from which it again issues at its south- eastern extremity near Lecco, and from tiienoe has a coui^ of above 50 miles to the Po, which it joins between Placentia and Cremona. During this latter part of its course it seems to have formed the limit between the Insubres and the Cenomani. It is a broad and rapd stream: the clearness of its blue waters, re- sulting from their passage through a deep lake, is alluded to by Claudian (Be VL Cons, Hon, 196). Strabo erroneously places its sources in , where, according to him, the Rhine also rises: it is probable that he was imperfectly acquainted tiith this part of the Alps, and supposed the stream which descends from the Splugen to the head of the lake of Como to be the original Addua, instead of the much larger river which enters it from the Vat- tellme. (Strab. iv. pp. 192,204; v. p. 213; PUn. iii. 16. 8.20; Pol.ii. 32, xxxiv. 10; TacJ^u^u. 40.)

 ADIABE'NE CA5i ADIS or ADES ('A^is/Ahis: prob. Rkades),tL considerable city of Africa, on the Gulf of Tunis, in the Carthaginian territory, which Regulus besieged and took, and before which he defeated the Cartha- ginians, in the 10th year of the first Punic War, B. c. 255. (PoL i. 30.) As there is no subsequent mention of the place, it is supposed to have been supplanted, or at least reduced to insignificance, by the kter town of.

 ADO'NIS (Aa«K«: Nahr el Ibrahim), a small river of Syria, which rising in Mount Libanus enters the Mediterranean a few miles to the S. of Byblu^ Maundrell records the fact which he himself wi? nessed, that after a sudden fall of rain, the river descending in floods is tinged of a deep red by the SOU of the hills in which it takes its rise, and imparts this colour to the sea for a considerable distance. Hence some have sought to explain the legend of the beautiful Adonis, who was killed by a wild boar on Mount Libanus (Strab. p. 755; Lucian, de Dea Syr. I; Plin. v. 20.; Nonn. Dionys. iiL 80, xx. ' 144.)'

<section end="ADONIS" /> <section begin="ADOREUS" />ADOREUS, the name of a mountain of Galatia, now Elmah Dagh, in the neighbourhood of Pessinus, in Asia. Livy (xxxviii. 18.) says that it contains the source of the river Sangarius.

<section end="ADOREUS" /> <section begin="ADORSI" />ADORSI. [.]

<section end="ADORSI" /> <section begin="ADRAA" />ADRAA (AJprfa, Euseb. OnomasL : "A^pa. Ptol. v. 15. § 23: LXX. 'EZpativ, *E^paiv: Eng.'Vers. : and probably the *hlpaxrc6s of Hierocles, p. 273: Draa), a town in Palestine, near the sources

<section end="ADRAA" />