Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/395

 BAPTANA. BAPTANA. [Baoibtakvs Moks.] BAQUA'TES. [Bacuatae.] BA'BAGK [LmnucA.] BA'BACES. [Tapbobanb.] BARATE (BctpoTTo, Bapdrri), on the road from Iconlnm {Koniyeh) to Tjana, uid 50 M P. from lajnium. Hamilton found on his route eastward from Koniyehy near Kara Bounar^ a remarkable trachjtic crater, and there were in the neighbour- hood several umilar cones. The distance on the map frxnn Komjftk is more than 50 geographical miles. He thinks that these Barathra are the Barata of the Tables, for " the name, which signifies these renuurkable craters, which must have attracted the attention of the ancients." (JRenarckes^ &c., vol. ii p. 217.) The conjecture seems probable. [G. L.] BARBANA {Bqjana a river of Illyria, rising in the Bebian Mountains, flows through the lake Labeatis, and forms, with the Clausula, which flows into it just below Soodra, the river called Oriundus. Livy seems to have supposed the Oriundus was a third stream rising in Sit. Scardus, into which the other two discharged themselves. (Liv. xliv. 31.) BARBARIA'KA. 1. A town in the extreme S. of fiispania Baetica, 10 M.P. from Galpe, on the road to Malaca {IL Ant, p. 406), identified by some with Babbbscla. (Wesseling, ad loc) It is usu- jUIy supposed to be near Ximena de la FronUra ; bat this seems very doubtful. (Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 347.) 2. [AUTBIGONBS.] [P. S.] BARBA'RIUM Pb. (BapSc^ioy lUpov, Plol. iL 5. § 4; CyS^iiimm4 )s i h s m%imn CWi hmdlmi IttMiMH, called by other writers Maqnum Pro- IIONTOBIUK. [P. S.] BARBE'SULA (Bap€iia6a), a town on the eoast of Htspania Baedca, a little E. of Galpe, on a river of the same name, now the GuadiarOf on the £. bank of which are still seen the ruins of the place, with inscriptions. (Mela, ii. 6 ; Plin. iii. 3 ; Maxc Herac. pp. 39, 40; Geogr. Rav. iv. 42; Tzetz. €ka, viiL 712; Ptol. iL 4. §§ 6, 7; Fiorez, Eap, S. ix. 51, zii. 307; Ukert, Gtograph, vol. ii. pt 1. pp. 295, 348.) [P. S.] . BARBCXSTHENES, a mountam in Laconia,said bv Livy to have been 10 M.P. from Sparta, was situated NE. of the city. It is identified by Leake with the height immediately south of the Khan of Krevata. (Liv. xxxv. 27, 30; Leake, Peloponne- Jtoca, p. 344.) BARCA, or BARGE (Bdpicri, ii v6ts BopxeW, Scyl^ Eth, BapKtuoSf Barcaens ; also in the form Bopxcua, Eth, ^apKttidTTis, Steph. B.), an inland dty of Cyrenuca, founded by a body of seceders from Gyrene, under the Battiadae, Perseus, Zacyn« thus, AriatomedCb, and Lycus, who were driven, by the treatment they received from their brother Aroesilans IL, king of Gyrene, to renounce their all^riance, and to establish this new city (about B. c. 554). At the same time they induceid the Libyans of the interior (rohs AlSuas) to join in their revolt, and from this cause, as well a^ from being founded in the midst of the Libyans, the city bad from the first a Greco-Libyan character, which it always retained. (Herod, iv. 160.) An indication of this Libyan element seems to be furnished by the name of the kmg Alazir (Herod, iv. 164); and it is an intcrcstiDg fact that nearly the same name, Aladdeir, occurs in an ancient genealogical table found at Gyrene, (Bockh, Corp. Inter, No. 5147, Td. iii. p. 523.) BARGA. 377 ArcfSilaus II. attempted to chastise his revolted Libyan subjects. They fied for refuge to the kindred tribes in the deserts on the east, towards Egypt, and, as Arcesilaus pursued them, they turned upon him and utterly defeated him, killing 7000 of his soldiers : soon after which he was strangled by his own brother Learchns. The intestine troubks of Gyrene now gave the Barcaeans an opportunity of extending their power over the whole of the W. part of Gyrenaica, including Uie district on the coast (as far as Hesperides), where we find Uie important port of Teuchiba (aft. Arsino6), belonging to them. If we are to trust traditions preserved by SeiTius {ad Virg. Aen. iv. 42), they carried their arms on land far W. over the region of the Syrtes towards Garthage, and acquired such a maritime power as to defeat the Phoenidans in a naval battle. The terror inspned by the Persian conquest of Egypt induced the princes of Barca, as well as those cf Gyrene, to send presents to Gambyses, and to promise an annual tribute; and in the subsequent constitution of the empire, they were reckoned as belonging to the satrapy of Egypt (Herod, iii. 13, 91.) But meanwhile the rising power of Barca had received a disastrous overthrow. In the ccm-. flicts of faction at Gyrene, Arcesilaus III. had fled to his father-in-law, Alazir, king of Barca; but certain exiles from Gyrene, uniting with a party of the Barcaeans, attacked both kings in the market- place, and killed them. Upon this, Pheretima, the mother of Arcesilaus, one of those incarnations of female revenge whom history occasionally exhibits, applied for aid to Aiyandes, who had been appointed satrap of Egypt by Gambyses, and retained the o£5ce under Dareius. Herodotus was doubtless right in supposing that Aiyandes welcomed the opportunity which seemed to present itself, for effecting ^e conquest of Libya. He collected a powerful army anil fleet; but, before commencing hostilities he sent a herald to Barca, demanding to know who had slain Arcesilaus. The Barcaeans collectively took the act upon themselves, for that they had sufiered many evils at his hands. The desired pretext being thus gained, Aryandes de- spatched the expedition. (Herod, iv. 164.) After a fruitl^s siege of nine months, during which the Barcaeans displayed skill equal to their courage, they were outwitted by a perfidious stratagem; the Persians obtained possession of the city, and gave over the inhabitants to the brutal revenge of Phe- retima. Those of the citizens who were supposed to have had most share in her son's death she im- paled all round the (drcuit of the walls, on which she fixed as bosses the breasts of their wives. The members of the family of the Baltiadae, and those who were clearly guildess cf the murder, were suf- fered to remain in the city. The rest of the inha- bitants were led into captivity by the Persians into Egypt, and were afterwards sent to Dareius, who settled them in a village of Bactria, which was still called Barca in the time of Herodotus (iv. 200 — 204). These events occurred about b. o. 510. The tragic history of Bjirca would be incomplete without a mention of the fate of Pheretima. Re- turning with the Persian army to Egypt, she died there of a loathsome disease {(wca yhp €vw <|«ff<rf), " for thus," adds the good old chronicler, "do men provoke the jealousy of the gods by the excessive indulgence of revenge '* (iv. 205) : to which the modem historian adds another reflection, I curiously illustrative of the di£Eerent points of riew ';l*-i «^ »U.<*X <- ^, ^
 * deep pits,' cannot well apply to anything else than