Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/38

 serve as an Odeum, or theatre for music. Numerous other architectural fragments, attesting the existence of temples and other buildings, have also been brought to light, as well as statues, pedestals, inscriptions, and other minor relics. On an adjoining hill are great numbers of tombs excavated in the rock, while on the hill of Acremonte itself are some monuments of a angular chancier; figures as largo as life, hewn in relief in shallow niches on the 8ur£ftoeof the native rock. As the principal figure in all these sculptures appears to be that of the goddess Isis, the j must belong to a late period. (Fazell. de Beb. Slc yqL i. p. 452 ; Serra di Faloo, Antkkiih di SidHa^ toL iv. p. 158, seq. ; Judica, AntichUa tUAcre.) [E.H.B.]

 ACRAE ("Aif^), a town in Aetolia of uncertain site, on the road from Metapa to Conope. Stephanus erroneously calls it an Acarnanian town. (Pol. v. 13; Steph. B. s. v. "Ajc/ml)

 ACRAEA (^'Affchia a mountain in Aigolis, op- posite the Henienm, or great temple of Hera. (Pans, il 17. § 2; Leake, Marea, voL ii. p. 393, Fdopon- fMMOca, p. 263.)

 ACRAE'PHIA, ACRAEPHIAE, ACRAEPHIUM, ACRAEPHNIUM (^paupla, Steph. B. «. «.; Herod. yiiL 135, Acraephia, liv. xxxiiL 29; Plin. iv. 7. s. 12; *AKfMUp(ai, Strab. p. 410; 'Ak/mU- pioy, Strab. p. 413.; 'Anpoi^ruM', Paus. iz. 23. § 5: rd *AKpal<pMMf Theopomp. ap. Steph. B. a. v. ; Eth, 'Ajcpcu^uMSf *Aicpal^ioSy *AKpa(^iof, *AKpanpfu»- n}T, 'Airpoi^ici/f, Steph. B. «. o.; 'AxptuptfiSty Bockh, In$cr. 1587: nr. Kardhitta), a town of Boeotia on the slope of Mt. Ptonm (IItwoi') and on the eastern bank of the lake Copais, which was here called 'Axpat/pls A(^tn| from the town. Acraephia is said to have been founded bj Athamas or Acrae- pheus, son of Apollo; and according to some writers it was the same as the Homeric Ame. Here the Thebans took refuge, when their dtj was destroyed by Alexander. It contained a temple of Diwysus. (Steph. B. s. V. ; Strab. p. 413 ; Pans. I c.) At the distance of 15 stadia horn the town, on the right of the road, and upon Mt. Ptoum, was a celebrated sanctuary and oracle of Apollo Ptons. This oracle was consulted by Mardonius before the battle of, Plataea, and is said to have answered his emissaiy, who was a Carian, in the language of the latter. The name of the mountain was derived by some fnm Ptons, a son of Apollo and Euxippe, and by others frxMn Leto having been frightened (irro4») by a boar, when she was about to bring forth in this pUoe. Both Acraephia and the oracle belonged to Thebes. There was no temple of the Ptoan Apollo, properly so called; Plutarch ((rv^fiw, 7) mentions a %6koSf but other writers speak only of a ri/unSf Up6y, Xfni<^f>»^ or fuanwiv, (Steph. B. a. v. ; Strab. l.c; Paus. /. c, iv. 32. § 5; Herod. Tiii.135; Pint. Pelop, 16.) According to Pausanias the oracle ceased after the capture of Thebes by Alexander; but the sanctuary still continued to retain its cele- brity, as we see from the great Acraephian inscription, which Bockh places in the time of M. Aurelius and his son Gommodus after a.d. 177. It appears from this inscription that a festival was celebrated in honour of the Ptoan Apollo every four years. (Bockh, Itucr, Ko. 1625.) The rums of Acraephia are situated at a short distance to the S. of Kardhitza, The re- mains of the acropoUs are visible on an isolated hill, a spur of Mt. Ptoum, above the Copaic sea, and at its foot on the N. and W. are traces of the ancient town. Here stands the church of St. George built oat of the stones of the old town, and oontaining many fragments of antiquity. In this chorch Leake. discovered the great inscription alluded to above, " which is in honour of one of the citizens of the place i called Epaminoodas. The ruins near the fountain, ' which is now called Perdik6bryM$y probably bdong to the sanctuary of the Ptoan Apollo. The poet Alcaeus (ap. Strab. p. 413) gave the epithet rpucd- peofov to Mt. Ptoum, and the three summitB now bear the names of Po^ Strutzma, and Skropomi respectively. These foim the central port of Mt Ptoum, wluch in a wider signification eirtended from the Tenerian plain as fiu- as Larymna and the En- boean sea, separating the Copaic lake on the £. from the lakes of Hylae and Harxna. (Leake, NcrAtr% Greece^ yd. ii. p. 295, seq.; Ulrichs, Rdtm m Griechenlandf voL i. p. 239, seq.; Eorchhammfr, HtUmika, p. 182.)

 ACRAGAS. [.]

 A'CRIAE or ACRAEAE CAKpul, Paus. iii. 21, § 7, 22. §§ 4, 5; Pol. 5. 19. § 8; ^PucpoMi, Strab. pp. 343, 363; "Axpcca, Ptol. iii. 16. § 9 : Etk. 'Axpi- dn^f ), a town of Laconia, on the eastern side of the Laoooian bay, 30 stadia S. of Helos. Strabo (l c) describes the Eurotas as flowing into the sea betwem Acriae and Gythium. Aciiae possessed a sanctuary and a statue of the mother of the gods, which was said by the inhabitants of the town to be the most andent in the Peloponnesus. Leake was unable to discover any remains of Acriae; the French expedi- tion phice its ruins at the harbour of Kokmo. (Leake, Morea^ vol. i. p. 229 ; Boblaye, Rechtrcku^ p. 95.)

 ACRIDO'PHAGI (*Ajepi8o^oi), or ''Locust- eaters," the name given by IModonis (iii. 29) and Strabo (p. 770) to one of the half-eaTage tribes of Aethiopia bordering on the Red Sea, who reodved their denomination from their mode of life or their staple food. [W.B.]

 ACRILLA or ACRILLAE C'A«yMAXa),a townof Sicily, known only from Stephanus of Byzantium («. «.), who tells us that it was not far fixim Syia^ cnse. But there can be no doubt that it is the same place mentioned by Livy (xxiv. 35) where the Syra- cusan army under Hippocrates was defeated by Mar- cellns. The old editions of Livy have Aocilule, for which Acrillae, the emendation of Cluverius, has been received by all the recent editors. From this passage we learn that it was on the line of march from Agrigentum to Syracuse, and not iar frtan Acrae; but the exact site is undetermmed. Plutarch (MarceU. 18), iu relating the same event, writes the name 'AicUat or ^hxlKXas. [E. H. B.]

<section end="ACRILLA" /> <section begin="ACRITAS" />ACRITAS (^Sxpirasi C. GaOo), the most sontfierly promontory in Messenia. (Stxab. p. 359 ; Pans, iv. 34. § 12 ; Ptol. iii. 16. | 7; Phn. iv. 5. s. 7; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 443.)

<section end="ACRITAS" /> <section begin="ACROCERAUNIA" />ACROCERAU'NIA. [.]

<section end="ACROCERAUNIA" /> <section begin="ACROCORINTHUS" />ACROCORINTHUS. [.]

<section end="ACROCORINTHUS" /> <section begin="ACRONIUS LACUS" />ACRO'NIUS LACUS. [.]

<section end="ACRONIUS LACUS" /> <section begin="ACROREIA" />ACROREIA (*Aicp<6p«m), the mountainoos dis- trict of Elis on the borders of Arcadia, in which the rivers Peneius and Ladon take their rise. The in- habitants of the district were called Acrocreii ('Ajc/w^cibi), and their towns appear to have been Thraustus, Alium, Opus, and Eupagiura. The name is used in opposition to KoiKri or Hollow Elis. Stephanus («. v.), who is followed by many modern writers, makes Acrocreii a town, and places it in Triphylia ; but this error appears to have arisen from confounding the Acrocreii with the Pannreatae in Triphylia. (Died. xiy. 17; Xen. Hell. iii 2. § <section end="ACROREIA" />