Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/360

 843 AULOCRENAE. visited the place. (Dicaearch. 88; Pans. ix. 19. § 6, seq.; PUn.iv. 7. s. 12; Leaikib^Northem Greece, vol. iu p. 262, seq. ; Wordsworth, Athens and Attica^ p. 4, seq.) AULOCRENAE, ''a vaUey ten Roman miles from Apamia (Cibotns) for those who are gtnng to Phrygia." (Plin. v. 29.) " The Marsyas," says Pliny, " rises and is soon hidden in the place where Marsyas contended with Apollo on the pipe in Anlo- crenae;** whence, perhaps, the place derives its name from the legend of Apollo and Marsyas, as it means the fountains of the pipe. Strabo describes the Mar- syas and Maeander as rising, according to report, in one lake above Gelaenae, which produces reeds adapted for making month-pieces for pipes; he gives no name to the lake. Pliny (xvi. 44) says, " We have mentioned the tract (^regio) Anlocrene, throngh which a man passes from Apamia into Phrygia; there a plane tree is shown from which Marsyas was suspended, after being vanquished by Apollo." Bnt Pliny has not mentioned the " regio Anlocrene " be- fore; and the passage to which he refers (v. 29), and which is here literally rendered, is not quite clear. But he has mentioned, in uiother passage (v. 29), a lake on a mountain Anlocrene, in which tiie Maeander rises. Hamilton (^Researches, &c. vol. i. p. 498) found near Denair (Apameia Ci- botus), a lake nearly two miles in circumference, full of reeds and rushes, which he considers to be the source of the Maeander, and also to be the lake described by Pliny on the Mods Anlocrene. But the Anlocrenae he considers to be in the plain of Dombai, Thus Pliny mentions a " regio Aulocrene," a ** mons Aulocrene " and a valley (com'allis) Aulo- crenae. [Maeander.] [G. L.] AULOCRE'NE. [Auix)CREnae.] AULOK {Kb&v), a hollow between hills or banks, was the name given to many such district, and to places situated in them. 1. A valley in the north-west of Messenia, upon the confines of Elis and Messenia, and through which there was a route into the Lepreatis. Pausanias speaks of " a temple of Asclepius Aulonius in what is called Aulon," which he places near the river Neda; but whether there was a town of the name of Anion is uncertain. The French Commission sup- pose that there was a town of this name, near the entrance of the defile which conducts from Cypa- rissia to the mouth of the Neda, and believe that its position is marked by some ruins near the sea on the right bank of the river Cyparissus. (Strab. viii. p. 350; Xen. Hdl. iii. 2. § 25, iii. 3. § 8; Polyaen. ii. 14; Pans. iv. 36. § 7; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 484; BobUiye, Recherches, &c. p. 116.) 2. In Mygdonia in Macedonia, situated a day's march from tiie Chalcidian Amae. (Thuc iv. 103.) Leake {Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 170) r^ards it as simply the name of the pass, through which the waters of the lake Bolbe flow by means of a river into the Strymonic gulf; but it appears to have been also the name of a place in this pass. In later times at all events there was a town called Anion, since it is mentioned as one of the Macedonian cities restored by Justinian. (2)e Aedif, iv. 4.) 3. A small place in Attica in the mining district of Laurium. [Laurium.] 4. ( VdUma), a town on the coast of Ulyricnm between ApoUonia and Oricum, a little south of the Aous, and on a deep bay. (Ptol. iii. 13. § 3; Tab. Pent.; Hierocl )^ AULON. a hill in the neighbourhood of Tarentum, AUREA CHERSONESUS. noticed hy Horace for the ezcellenoe and abundance of its wine. Martial also speaks of it as producing excellent wine as well as wod, for which the whole neighbourhood of Tarentum was famous. (Hor. Carm, ii. 6. 18; Mart^ xiiL 125.) Its site still retains its ancient celebrity in the former respect : it is now called Monte Melone (probably a oorruption of Au- lone), a sloping ridge on the sea ^ore about eight miles S£. of Tarentum. (Romanelli, voL i. p. 295 ; Carducci, Iklizie Tarantme, p. 269.) [£. H. B.] AULON ('AuAcir: El-Ghar), the name given by the ancients to the great valley through which the Jordan flows below the Lake of Tiberias, and to its continuation quite across the whole loigth of tiie Dead Sea, and for some distance beyond. It signifies a depressed tract of plain, usually between two mountains, and corresponds with the Gh&r of the Arabian writers. (Ednsi par Jaubert, pp. 337, 338; Abulf. Tab. Syr. pp. 8, 9; Schulten*s Index Vit Salad, s. v. AlgoMrum.) According to Euse- bius its extreme limits are Mt Libanus, and the Desert of Paran, in Arabia Petraea. Burkhardt (TVao. p. 344) describes the course of the valley in the upper end, near Lake Tiberias, as running from N. by £. to S. by W., and as about two hours broad. The plain through which the river flows is for the most part barren, without trees or verdure; the cliffs and slopes of the river -uphuids present a wild and cheerless aspect Opposite to Jericho its general course is the same, but the deft which forms the valley widens, and the river flows through the broad plidn which is called on the W. "" the Plain of Jericho," on the E. " the Plain of Moab." Joee- phus speaks of the Jordan as flowing through a desert (B. J. iii. 10. § 7, iv. 8. § 2), and it preserves this character to the pr^ent day. The low bed of the river, the absence of inundation and of tributary streams, have combined to prodnce this result. The part of the valley which is S. of the Dead Sea has not yet been si^ciently explored. The whole of the valley of the Jordan may be considered as one of those long fissures which occur frequently among limestone mountains, and has given to Palestine its remarkable configuration. And it has been inferred that the phenomenon is referable to volcanic action, of which the country around exhibits frequent traces. (Robinson, Paiegtine, vol. ii. pp. 215, 258, 305; Von Raumer's Pa^sfttno, p. 56; Reland, Palaeti. p. 364; Roeenmiiller, BihL Alt. vol. ii. pt 1. p. 146 ; Ritter, Erdkunde West Asien, vol xv. p. 481.) 2. In Syria. [Coele Syria.] 8. A town in Crete (Steph. B. s. v.), probably the same as the Episcopal See of Aulopotamos. (Cornelius, Creta Sacra, vol. i. p. 233.) According to Hoeck {Kreta, vol. i. p. 431) it is represented by a place called Avion, S. of Retimo, f E. B. J.l AURANITIS. [Bmmmim.], , V^^m ; : r ; .. . AimA'SIUS MONS (rh Avpdurioy &pos: Jebel Auress), a mountain of N. Africa, in the S. of Numidia, below the dty of Lambesa. It forms the SE. extremity of the so-called Middle Atlas, which it connects with the mam chain of the Great Atlas. [Atlas.] It divides the waters which flow into the bai>in of the lake Tritonis (Melrir) from those whidi flow NE. into the basin of the Bagradas. (Procop. B. V. ii. 13, 19, Aedif. vi. 7.) It ap- pears to be the Audus Mons <^ Ptolemy (jh ASSor 6pos, iv. 3. § 16), [P. S.] AUREA CHERSONESUS (i^ xpwrri x*PP^^- aos), in India extra Gangem, is supposed to corre- spond to the peninsula of Malacca. There is also .-i-y- > I • <