Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/350

 rocky promomtoiy with mins of the ndddle ages upon it, which promointoiy Boss supposes to be the CoROMERL of Stephaniis («. v. Ko/M^veia).

90. Stbibia (XTflptOf Steph.; Hesych.; Said.; Plin. iv. 7. s. 11), on the east coast, between Prasiae and Brauron. (Strab. ix. p. 399.) Wordsworth says that it is an hoards walk from Prasiae to Branron, and that on the way he passed some ruins, which must be those of Steiria. Stiris in Phods is said to have been founded by the inhabitants of this demus. (Pans. x. 35. § 8.) The road from Athens to Steiria and the harboor of Prasiae was called the iTfipiwcii 6Ms, (Plat. Hij^rch, p. 229.) Steiria was the demos of Theramenes and Thrasybulus.

91. Brauron (Bpavp<^v), one of the twelve an- cient cities, but never mentioned as a demus, though it continned to exbt down, to the latest times. It wiu situated on or near the eastern coast of Attica, between Steiria and Halae Araphenides, near the river Erasinus. (Strab. viii. p. 371, ix. p. 399.) Its name is apparently preserved in that of the two villages, called Vrcuma and Paled VradnOy situated south of the Erasinus. Brauron is celebrated on account of the worship of Artemis Brauronia, in whose honour a festival was celebrated in this place. (^ Herod, vi. 138.) Here Orestes and Iphigeneia were supposed to have landed, on their return from Tanris, bringing with them the statue of the Tau- rian goddess. (Pans, i 33. § 1, ill. 16. § 7; Eurip. Jphig. in Taur. 1450, 1462; Nonnus, i)»onys. xiii. 186.) This ancient statue, however, was preserved at Halae Araphenides, which seems to have been the proper harbour of Brauron, and therefore the place at which the statue first landed. Pausanias (i. 33. § I), it is true, speaks of an ancient statue of Artemis at Brauron ; but the statue brought from Tauris is expressly placed by Callimachus (^Hymn, in Dion. 173), and Euripides Qphig. in Tcojw, 1452) at Halae; and Strabo (ix. p. 399) distin- guishes the temple of Artemis Tauropolus at Halae Araphenides from the temple of Artemis Brauronia at Brauron. There was a temple of Artemis Brau- ronia on the Acropolis, containing a statue of the goddess by Praxiteles. (Pans. i. 23. § 7.)

92. ('AAol 'A/nk^t^WSct), so called to distinguish it from Halae Aezonides [No. 39], lay on the east coast between Brauron and Araphen, and was the proper harbour of Brau- ron, from whence persons crossed over to Marmarium in Euboea, where were the marble quarries of Cary- stus. (Strab. ix. p. 399, x. p. 446.) Hence Halae is described by Euripides {Iphig. in Taur. 1451) as y€lToty JiupdJUos Kapwrrlas, The statue of the Taurian Artemis was presented at this place, as has been already shown. [No. 91.]

93. Araphen (A/ni^v), on the east ooost, north of Halae and Brauron, the name of which is pro- bably preserved in the village of Rajtna^ situated near the mouth of the river of that name. (Harpocr. ; Suid.; Steph.; Bekker, Anecd, i. p. 338.) We learn from Strabo (ix. p. 399) that the demi in the Mesogaea were very numerous ; and his state- ment is confirmed by the great number of remains of ancient buildings which occur in this district. (Wordsworth, p. 226). But the names of only a few have been preserved, which we can as«ign with certainty to the Mesogaea; and the position of many of these is doubtful.

94. PROSPALTA (np6(riraTa) lay in the in- terior, between 2Soster and PotamoSj at the modernvillage of Kerali&j as we may infer from an inscrip-^ tion discovered at this place. (Paus. i. 31. § 1; Dem. c. Macart. p. 1071; Harpocr.; Phot; Suid.; Steph.)

95. Mtrrhinus (Mvfi^tyovs) lay to the east of Prasiae or Porio Raphiij at Menmdaj as appears from inscriptions found at this place. Artemis Colaenis was worshipped at Myrrhinus (Paus. L 31. § 4; Schol. ad Arittoph, Av. 874); and in one of die inscriptions at Meronda mention is made <^ a temple of Artemis Colaenis. (BSckh, Inscr. No. 100.) (See also Strab. ix. p. 399; Steph.; Phot.)

96. Phlya (^Avo, ^Avd), the site of which cannot be determined, though there can be little doubt that it lay in the Mesogaea from the position which it occupies in the list of Pausanias. It must have been a place of importance from the number of temples which it contained, and frcm its frequent mention in inscriptions. (Paus. i. 31. § 4, iv. 1. § 6; Plut. Them. 1; Athen. x. d. 424; Harpoqr.;-- ,. Suid.; Steph.; Phot.)J5n44if^^Wrf**tA*C //' -♦'-^

97, 98. Paeania (naiayla)^ divided into Upper and Lower Paeauia, was situated on the eastern side of Hymettus, near the modern village of Liogegu It was the demus of Demosthenes. (Paus. i. 23. § 12; Harpocr.; Suid.; Phot.; Boss, in AnnaL deff Intt. Arch, vol. ix. p. 5, foil.)

99. Philaidab (^tXa/8eu) appears to have been near Brauron, since it is said to have derived its name from Philaens, the son of the Telamonian Ajaz, who dwelt in Brauron. Philaldae was the demus of Peisistratus. (Plut. Sol. 10; Plat. Hipparch. p. 228; Pans. i. 35. § 2; Herod. *i. 35.)

100. Cephale (K«0aX^) appears, firom the order in which it occurs in the list of Pausanias (i. 31. § 1), to have been situated south or east of Hymettus, perhaps in the neighbourhood of Brauron and Vraona, where Boss fouid an inscription containing the name of this demus. Cephale possessed a temple of the Dioscuri, who were here called the Great Gods. (Pans. I. c; Harpocr.; Suid.; Phot.; Schol. ad Aristoph. Av. 417.)

101. Sphsttus (Z^ittti^s), one of the twelve ancient cities, and subsequently a demus. Its posi- tion has given rise to much dispute. Leake places it in the northern part of the Mesogaea, and thinks that Spata may be a conruption of Sphettus. That it was sHuated either in the Mesogaea or the Paralia is certain from the legend, that Pallas, who had obtained these districts, marched upon Athens from Sphettus by the Sphettian Way. (Pint. Thes. 13; Philochor. ap. Schol. ad Eurip. Hipp. 35.) Now we have seen good reasons for believing Uiat Pallas must have marched roimd the northern extremity of Hymettus [see above. No. 32] ; and consequently the Sphettian road must have taken that course. Although the Sphettian road cannot therefore have mn along the western coast and entered Athens from the south, as many modern writers maintain, Sphet- tus was probably situated further south than Leake supposes, inasmuch as Sphettus and Anaphlystns are represented as sons of Troezen, who migrated inta Attica; and, seeing that Anaphlystns was opposite Troezen, it is inferred that Sphettus was probably in the same direction. (Pans. ii. 30. ^9 ; Steph. a. vv.

102. CrTHERRUS (K«5«n^^or, Inscr.; Kii^poj,*J^***; Kvflijpoi', Strab. ix. p. 397 ; Harpoc.; Suid.; Steph,;/''*'**-' Phot.), one of the twelve ancient cities, and after- wards a demus. Its position is quite uncertain.