Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/345

 

30. (, Steph. B.; Bekker, Anecd. i. p. 246), west or south-west of Cephisia, and adjacent to Iphistiadae; (Diog. Laërt iii. 41.)

31. (, Steph.), was situated at the north-eastern extremity of the Athenian plain, at the marble quarries of Mt. Brilessus, which was called Mt. Pentelicus from this place. [See p. 823, a.] The fact of Pentele being a demus rests upon the authority of Stephanus alone, and has not yet been confirmed by inscriptions.

32., a celebrated demus, frequently mentioned by ancient writers and in inscriptions. From the mythical story of the war of the Pallantidae against Theseus, we learn that the demi of Pallene, Gargettus, and Agnus were adjacent. When Pallas was marching from Sphettus in the Mesogaea against Athens, he placed a body of his troops in ambush at Gargettus, under the command of his two sons, who were ordered, as soon as he was engaged with the army of Theseus, to march rapidly upon Athens and take the city by surprise. But the stratagem was revealed to Theseus by Leos of Agnus, the herald of Pallas; whereupon Theseus cut to pieces the troops at Gargettus. In consequence of this a lasting enmity followed between the inhabitants of Pallene and Agnus. (Plut. Thes. 13; Philochor. ap. Schol. ad Eurip. Hippol. 35.) The road from Sphettus to Athens passed through the opening between Mt, Pentelicus and Mt. Hymettus. In this situation, on the SW. side of Pentelicus, we find a small village, named Garito, which is undoubtedly the site of the ancient Gargettus. The proximity of Pallene and Gargettus is indicated by another legend. Pallene was celebrated for its temple of Athena; and we are told that Eurystheus was buried at Gargettus in front of the temple of Athena Pallenis. (Strab. viii. p. 377; Steph., Hesych. s. v. ;, Eurip. Heracl. 1031.) We know further that Pallene lay on one of the roads from the city to Marathon (Herod, i. 62); and as the most convenient road for warlike operations leads to Marathon around the southern side of Pentelicus, Ross places Pallene half an hour south of Garitó, between the monastery Hieraka and the small village Charvati, at the spot where was discovered a celebrated inscription respecting money due to temples, and which waS probably placed m the temple of Athena Pallenis. (Böckh, Inscr. n. 76.) In Hieraka there was also found the Boustrophedon inscription of Aristocles, which probably also came from the same temple. (Böckh, n. 23.) Leake supposes Pallene to have stood at the foot of Hymettne, immediately opposite to G€trit6 at the foot <^ Pentelicus, and supposes its site to be indicated by some Hellenic ruins of conndend)ls extent oa a height which is separated only from the nwthem extremity of Hy- mettns by the main road into tiie Mesogaca. " This place is abont a mile and a half to the south-west- ward of Garitdj near two small diurches, in mie of which Mr. Finlay found the I61k)wing fragment: eEO«ANHa nAAA(HN£T2). Thu situation, where the roads of the Mesogaea necessarily unite in approaching Athens, is sudi a point as would be important, and often occupied in military operations; and accoidingly, we find that oa three occasions in the early history of Athens, Pallene was the scene of action; first, when Eurysthens fought against the Athenians and Heracleidae; again, when The- seus was opposed to the Pallantidae; and a third time when Peisistatus defeated the Alcmaeonidae." (Leake, p. 46.) The inscription, however, in such a case, is not decisive evidence, as we have already seen. [See p. 825, a.] Agnus is placed by Boss in the hollow which lies between the extreme northern point of Hymettus and Hieraka, Leake, on the other hand, fixes it at Marhdptdoy in the soathem part of the Mesogaea, because Mr. Finlay found at this place an inscrip- tion, .... vKihis *hyvo{nrios.

33. Gargettus (ropvirrrrfj, Steph.; Hesych.; Phavor. ; Schol. ad Aristopk. Tkeam, 905), spoken of above, and celebrated as the demus of Epicurus.

34. Agnus or Haonus (^AyyoOt or *Ayvovs, Steph.; Phryn.; Hesych.; Said.), also spoken of above.

(d.) East of Athens:-

35. Alopecb ('AAorftrcm}), was situated only eleven or twelve stadia from the city (Aesch. c, Timarch* p. 119, Beiske), and not far frum Cyno- sarges. (Herod, v. 63.) It lay consequently east of Athens, near the modern village of AmbeUkipo, between Lycabettus and Ilissns. It possessed a temple of Aphrodite (BSckh, Inter, n. 395), and also, apparently, one of Hermaj^roditus. (Alciphr. Ep. m. 37.) There are some remains of an ancient building in the church at AmbelokipOj which Leake supposes may be those of the temple oif Aphrodite.

(e.) South of Athens:-

36. 37. AouTUS QAypvKfiy *Af»atfX^, *Aypotii, Steph.; Harpocrat.; Snid.; Hesych.; Zonar.; Bek- ker, Anecd, l. pc 332), was the name of two demi, an upper and a lower Agryle. They lay imme- diately south of the stadium in the city, (Har- pocrat s, V. 'ApSirrrdf .) It is not improbable tlu^ the district of Agnte in the city belonged to one of these demi. [S^ p. 302, b.]

38. Halimus ('AAifun;;, Harpocrat ; Suid. ; Steph. ; Bekker, Anecd. i. p. 376 ; Schol. ad Ari- ttoph, Av. 498), said to have been so called from rh &tfMy sea-weeds (Etym. M. s. 9.), was situated on the coast between Phalerum and Aexone (Strab. ix. p. 398), at the distance of 35 stadia from the city (Bem. c, EvtuKd, p. 1302), with temples of Demeter and Core ( Pans, i. 31 . §1), and of Her- cules. (Dem. pp. 1314, 13f9!}" Hence Leake places it at C. KaiUmdkMf at the back of which rises a small but conspicuous hill, crowned with a church of St CoMnas. H^mus was^the demus of Thucydides the historianJr^^sy^tW*-'^***^.^ ^^:

38*. Aexone (A2|a»m$, Harpocrat ; Suid. ; Zonar. ; Steph. ; Bekker, Anecd. i. p. 358 ; Xen. Hell. ii. 4. § 26), situated oA the coast south of Halimus (Strab. L c), probably near the promontory of Colias. [Re- specting the position of Colias, see p.305,b.] Aexone was celebrated for its fisheries. (Athen. vii. p. 325 ; Hesych.. 2^onar., Suid., §. v. Al^wflBa tpiyKfiy.)

39. Halab Aexonideb ('AAcd A2(»w8c5), a little south of the preceding, derived its name from its salt-works. (Strab. 7. c; Steph.) " They oc- cupy a level behind a cape called Agkid, where are fomid numerous remains of an ancient town, and among them a lion in white marble." (Leake.)

The celebrated Sacred Way ('Iff & '08<{s), leading from Athens to Elensis, demands a few words. It was the road along which tiie solemn prjcession in the Eleusinian festival travelled eveiy year from Athens to Elensis. ' It was lined on either side with numerous monuments. {Diet of Ani. «. v. Eleu- smio.) This road, with its monuments, is described