Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/258

 (43 ASPHALTITES LACUS. It AjpendiUT whers Halt wu pradaoad by eTapor&- tko. In thfl n^hbtmrbood tba olive nu much cnllintsd. ThujbulDB lost bii life at Aspendns ; bong mr- prised Id hu t«at bj tba AtpeaditDi, on irhocD he had kvied coDtribntiaia. (Sua. BtU. i'. S; DIod. xiv. 99.) Alaxwdo', in hia Auatic eipeditiaa, vinted ABpeodna, and the plu» enrTendered npoa pnnrMioD bong mide t^ the king to beaege it. (ArrUn, Anab. L 26.) It w«s a populoua pUcc after Aleiuider'a time, for it niaed on one occaaon 4000 hoplilea. (Poljb. T. 73.) The cnunl Cd. M&nliua, when movijig forward to invade Galatia, PamjJiylia, which bn»ght him a torn oT mi llie Aspendii Mid other Panphjhuu. (Lit 15; Polyb. uii. 18.) J*-, The eld ntedaU of Aapoidiia hare ».» ^f..- jj-'Eraph Ei EST. ESTF. E2TFEA|Ti, hat those ' AZnEN&UlN. (Crami 282.) ASPHALTITES LACUS. ASP IS. [PBOCONBMOa.] ASPIS CAinrd). aft. known lation CLU'PEA, CLYPEA (KA^ts. SUib. PtoL KalibioA, Bo.), aa important fbrtified citj' of the Carthaginian tertitray, and afterwaids of the Roman province of Africa (ZeagitaDa). It derived ila Greek and Roman luniei baa its tile, on a hill of ■faield-lika aiupe, adjoinin); the proinontoij, which wu arnietimes utled bj the same name, and also Taphitis (ixpu Ta*Jrii, Strah. xvii. p. 834), and which fonns the E. point of the lonfrne ij land that mu out NE., and lenninatea in Mercuiii Pr. (C. Ban), the NK headland of N. Africa. The island of Coesjra liei d<F it to the E., and Lilfbaeum in Sidlj is directly oppoeite to it, to the NE. (Stiab. vi. p. 277.) At the S. foot of the promontory is a email baj, fifmung a haHxiur pnjlected on every Bide, and giving accesa to a large open plain. No spot coaM be more favonnble for an invadn-; and a niythieal tnditiou chose it as the landing. pUce of Cadmus (Nomi. Diott^t. iv. SSG), while another made it the ecene of the straicgle of Hemcla with Antaens (Pmcop. Vand. a. 10). We are not ia- fbrmod nhelher there was a Punic fortress cai the Bpot : it is incredible that the Carthaginians ehoold have neglected it ; hot, at all events, Agathoclea, who landed on the other aide of Iho peninaula (see AqUit^RiA), pereaved ita unportance, and built the city known to the Greeks and Romans B.C. 310 (Strab. zvii. f. 834). In the First Fimic War it was the landing-place of Manliua and Regnlus, whose first action was to take it, B.C. 256; and its pcssession aSbrdtd the iorvivoni of the unfbrtuiale army a pbice of refuge, from which they were carried off in safety by the vjctorions fleet of Aemihus and Fulrius B. c. S55. (Polyb. i. SB 36; Appian. Pim. S.) ASPUEGUNI. In tlie Serond Panic War, pasting atrt a nsnl skirmish off Clnpea, B. c 208 (Ijv. uvii. 39), tie plam beneath the dty became lunons lor MaHidasa's narrow oc^ig after his defeat by Bocchar, whm the wounded prince was only aaved b; the supp^ ddon that be had perished in the large river irhich flows throngh the plain {Waij-A-Ai^), bnt to which the ancients give no name, B. c. 204 (Liv. uix. 32). In the Third Punic War, the consul Piso, B. c. 148, besieged it by land and sea, but was repulsed. (Apjoan. Pwt. 1)0.) It is men- tioned more than once in the Julian Civil War. (Caes. B. C. a. 23; Hirt. B. Afr. 2.) It stood 30 H. P. from Canibis. Under the Romans it iraa a free city (PUn. v. 4. 8.3; Ptol. iv. 3. §§7,8), where KXvwia and *AiTwft are distir^oished by 15' of long. : probably the former is meant for the town and the latter for the cape (Mela, i. 7. § 3; Sla- diasm. p. 452; SiL iii. 243; Solin. 27; llm. AnL pp. 55, S7, 493, 518; Tab.Ped.). It was a dis- tingniabed ejuoiijial see, a.D. 411 — 646, and tho last spot on which the African Chtiatians made a stand against the Hobanunedan conqueron. (Uor- celh, Africa ChrittUma, a. v.; Arab wrileri, lo- fetred to by Barth, p. 186.) Ill mteresting min^ partly en and partly below the hill, and anumg than a remadable Roman fort, are described by Barth (Watidtnmgot, Pp. 134 — 137 [ Shaw, p. 89, 2d ed. [P. S.] ASPIS ('Anil ; liana Zafrm a town and promontory of N. Africa, to the coast of the Great Syrtds, with the best harbour in the Syrtia, 600 stadia N. of Tnrris Euphiantia near the bottom cf the Syrtia. (Sliab. ivii. p. 836; Bwcbey, p. 140; Barth, p. 369). [P. S.] ASPI-SII ('As>[<rioi 2(Miu), a people of Scylbia iolia Imaum, N. of the Jaxartes, and W. of the Aspisii Uontea (ji 'Am'viia ipn: PtoL vi U. g§ G, 12Y They appear to be the same as the 'hmnexiKv NoiuXd, betireen the Oius and the Tan^, mentioned by Polybins (i. 45). [P. S.] ASPLE'DON ('AmrAflW^i E&. •A<rwXifi6ruisX aUo caUed SPLEDON, an ancient city of Boeutia, mentioned by Homer (/£. ii. 510), distant 20 stadia from Orchomenna. The river Melas flowed between tho two ddee. (Strab. ii. p. 4lff7 Plm. iv. 7. s.^-' 12; Sleph. B. (.v.; Etym.'U. j.f.) Stiabo aays (Z. c.) that it was subeajuenlly called EtCEiELtis (EvtffvAoi), from its sunny sitaetim ; but Pauaaniaa " 'e. § 9) rebtes that it waa abandoned in Ills have derived ils name from Aepledon, a son of Po- seidon and the nymph Mid«a. The site of AspledcD IB uncertain. Leake (^NorlJiem Greece, voL li. p. 162) places it at Tiamdli, bnt Forchhaauner {Bel- lenica, p. 177), with more pobabiiity, at Avro- A'SPONA or ASPUNA ('Airrom), a place in Galatia, named in all the Itlnerarifa. Ammianoa Marcellinns (uv. 1 0) calls it a small munid|nuni of Galatia. It lay on the mad tnm Ancyra to Cae- rea Mazaca. The ule doea not seem to be deter- ined. [G. L.] ASPURGIAtn ('AffwmipTmwt, V.R 'AmrOBr- yiianl), a tribe of the Asiatic Uunlae, on the E. side of the Cimmerian Bosporus, in (he r(^;im calkd Sindice, between Phanagoria and Gorgippi«. They were amoig the Maeotie triba whom Pole- I, king of Pontns and the Bosporus, in Iha reign of Augustus, attempted to subdue ; but they toixk him prisoner and put bim to death. (Stntk