Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/217

 ABGOS. iwcam obliged to nndot^ a oomt of inqiiiiy before Uiej irere permitted to enter the city. (Thuc. v. 60 ; compk. Bus. H. 25. § 2; Leake, MoreOj vol. ii. p. d64.AA9NMMMana<»,p.267; Mare, voL ii.p. 161.) The EKAsanm (^E^pcurufos, also 'AfHTiyos, Strab. Tiii. pi 371 ; Kephalart) is the only riTer in the pbio of Axgos which flows daring the whole year. 1a actaai ooorse in the plain of Argos is very short; hat il was niurersallj beiieved to be the aame stream as tJW river id Stjmphalns, which disappeared under Hi, Apelannio, ajad made its reappearance, after a nUenauean couxse of 200 stadia, at the foot of the mis of Mc ChaoD, to the SW. of Argos. It issues fiwa these rocks in seTeiul large streams, forming a rhner of coosiderahle size ^ence " ingens Erasinos " Or. ife<L XT. 275^, which flows directly across the plain into the Ai^golic g:iilf. The waters of this river torn a great number of mills, from which the place isnov called ** The Mills of Aigos" {oX fwKoi rov 'Afymrs}. At the spot where the Erasinus issues from Mt. Chaoo, ** there is a fine lofty cavern, with a Totf like an acute Gothic arch, and extending 65 yinh into the mountain." (Leake.) It is perhaps fnim this cavern tiiat the mountain derives its name (from x^i x*"»'*»» x*^***)* The only tributary of the Eiasinns is the Phrixus (fpi^os, Paus. ii. 36. § 6, 38. § I ), which joins it near the sea. (Herod. vL 76; Strab. ri. p. 275, viii. p. 389; Paus. ii. 36. (IK. SL 26; Stat. Theb. i. 357; Plin. iv. 5. § 9; Leab, iforea, vol. ii. p. 340, seq., vol. iii. p. 112, w)., Pelopon^ p. 384 ; Ross, JReisen im PelopomiM, > 141.) The other rivers in the Argeia are mere mountain tomnts. On the Argolic gulf we find the following, proceeding firom S. to N. : 1. Tanus (TdSvos, Paus. 2. 38. § 7), or Tamjlus (TewoiJs, Eurip. Electr 413), now the river of JjvkUy forming the boundary, between the Argeia and Gynuria. (Leake, Pelopon. 340.) 2. PoNTiNUS (norrrvoi), rising in a lain of the same name, on which stood a temple «f Athena Saitis, aaid to have been founded by Da- aaaa. (Paus. ii. 36. § 8 ; Leake, Morea, vol. ii. p. 473, Pdopon, p. 368.) 3. Amtmose (^Afivfui- rq), which descends from the same mountain, and inxowfiately enters the lake of Lema. [Lebna.] 4. Cheimarrhus (Xcf/M/J^oi), between the lake of Lema and the Erasinus. (Paus. ii. 36. § 7 ; Leake, iforeo, vuL IL p. 838.) In the interior of the eaastrrwe find: 5. Abtekion (*AffTcpW), a small tacreat flowing on the south-eastern side of the H&- neom, or temple of Hera, the waters of which are said by Pansauias to disappear in a chasm. Ko tr»e cf this chasm has been found; bat Mure ob- fcrwd that its waters were absorbed in the earth at a snail distance from the temple. (Paus. ii. 17. § 2: Mure, voL ii. p. 180; Leake, Pelqpoa. p. 262, seq.) 6. Eleothebiox (*EAeu0^tov), a small tor- xcni flowing on the north-westera side of the He> neom. (Pans. iL 17. § 1 ; Leake, P«2opo». p.272.) From a paasage of Enstathius (in Od. xiiL 408), quoted by Leake, we learn that the source of thu torrent was named Cynadra (KuniSpa). In the time of the Peloponnesian war the whole of the Azgeia was subject to Argos, but it originally rtmnmiwA several independent cities. Of the^ the Baoet important were Mycenae and Tiiyns, which in the hffnc ages were more celebrated than Argos Argns is situated about 3 miles from the Hyoenae is between 6 and 7 miles K. ci Aigos ; Tisyns about 5 miles SE. of Argos. Nanplia, ARGOS. 201 the port of Argos, is about 2 miles beyond Tiiyns A list of the other towns in the Argeia is given in the account of the different roads leading from Argos. Of these roads the following were the most impor- tant: — 1. The North road to Cleonae issued from the gate of Eileithyia (Pans. ii. 18. § 3), and ran through the centre of the plain of Argos to My- cenae. Shortly after leaving Mycenae the road entered a long narrow pass between the mountains, leading into ^e valley of Nemea in the territory of Cleonae. This pass, which was called the Trbtds {6 TfnfT6s) from the numerous caverns in the moun- tains, was the carriage-road in the time of Pansanias from Cleonae to Argos ; and is now called DervenakL The mountain is also called Treton by Hesiod and Diodorus. It was celebrated as the haunt of the Nemean lion slain by Hercules. (Hes. Theog. 331; Diod. iv. 11; Paus. ii. 15. §§ 2, 4.) Pausaiiias mentions (2. c.) a footpath over these mountains, which was shorter than the Tretns. This is the road called by other writers Cumtoporia (Koi^o- wopia^ Pol. xvi. 16; Athen. ii. p. 43). 2, 3. The two roads to Mantlneia both quitted Argos at the gate called Ddras, and then imme- diately parted in difib^ent directions. (Paus. iL 25. §§ 1 — 4.) The more southerly and the shorter of Uie two roads, called Prinub, followed the course of the Charadrus: the more northerly and the, longer, called CuMAx, ran along the valley of the Inachus. Both Boss and Leake agree in making the Prinus the southern, and the Climax the noi^iem of the two roads, contiaiy to the conclusions at the French surveyors. (Ross, Reisen im PeloponneSy p. 130, seq.: Leake, Pelopon. p. 37 1, seq.) For further details re- specting these roads see Maktineia. The Prinus {^r crossing the Charadrus passed by Oenoe, which was situated on the left bank of the river [Oenoe] ; it then ascended Mt Artemisium (^Malevos}, on whose summit by the road side was the temple of Artemis, and near it the sources of the Inachus. Here were the boundaries of the territories of Man- tineia and A^gos. (Paus. ii. 25. §§ 1 — 3.) The Climax flrst passed by Lyrceia at the dis- tance of 60 stadia fhun Argos, and next Omeac, — a town on the confines of Phliada, at the distance of 60 stadia firom Omeae. (Paus. il 25. §§ 4 — 6.) [Lyrceia; Orneab.] It appears finom this ac- count that the road must have run in a north-west- erly direction, and have followed the course of the Inachus, since we know that Lyrceia was not on tlie direct road to Phlius, and because 120 stadia by the direct road to 'Phlius would carry us far into Phliasia, or even into Sicyonia. (Boss, J bid. p. 134, seq.) After leavmg Omeae the road crossed the mountain and entered the northern comer of the Argon Plain in the territory of Mantineia. [Man- TDTBIA.] 4. The road to Tegea quits Argos near the theatre, and first runs in a southerly direction along the foot of the mountain Lycone. After crossing the Erasi- nus (iTepAoZart), the road divides into two, the one to the right leading to Tegea across the mountains, and the other to the left leading through the plain to Lema. The road to Tegea passes by Cmchreae [Cenchbeae] and the sepulchral monuments (iroAu- dffipia) of the Argives who conquered the Lacedae- monians at Hysiae, shortly afterwards crosses the Cheimarrhus, and then begins to ascend Mt. Pontinus in a westerly direction. It then crosses another mountain, probably the CiisoFOLUK (Kptot^SKov)
 * $6,7,24. §6, vuL 22. §3; Diod.xv.49; Senec.