Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/212

 196 ARDUENNA, called Portiis Artabromm {Bay of Corufta imd FerroT). The above is probably the right form of the name, but the MSS. differ greatly. (Mela, iii. 1. § 9.) [P. S.1 ARDUENNA CApSoi^yya 0A17: Ardennet), the largest forest in Gallia in Caesar's time. (^. G. V. 3, vi. 29, 33.) He describes it in one passage as extending from the Rhine, through the midst of the territory of the Treviri, to the borders of the territory of the Remi; and in another passage as extending from the banks of the Rhine anid the bor- ders of the Treviri more than 500 Roman miles to the Nervii. From a third passage we may collect that he supposed it to extend to the Scaldis, Schdde, Accordingly it was included in the conntiy of the Belgae D'Anville ooivjectures that the rnuiing of Caesar, instead of " millibnsque amplius ID in longitudinom,*' should bo CL. Orosins (vi. 10), who is here copying Caesar, has " plus qnam quin- genta millia passuum'* (ed. Haverkamp); but the old editions, according to D'Anville, have L in- stead of IJ. Strabo (p. 194) says that the Ardu- cnna is a forest, not of lofty trees; an extensive funfot, but not so large as those describe it who make it 4,000 stadia, that is, 500 Roman miles, or exactly what the text of Caesar has. (See Gros- kurd's Translation, vol. i. p. 335, and his note.) It seems, then, that Strabo must then be referring to what he ibund in Caesar's Commentaries. He makes the Arduenna include the country of the Morini, Atrebates, and Eburones, and consequently to extend to the North Sea on the west, and into the Belgian province of Liege on the north. The dimensions of 500 Roman miles is a great error, and it is hardly possible that Caesar made the mistake. The error is probably due to his copyists. The direct distance from Coblenz, the most eastern limit that we can give to the Arduenna, to the source of the Sambre, is not above 200 Roman miles; and the whole dbtance from Coblenz to the North Sea, measured past the sources of the Sambre, is not much more than 300 miles. The Arduenna comprehended part of the Prussian territory west of the Rhine, of the duchy of Luxembourg, of the French department of Ardennes, to which it gives name, and a small part of the south of Belgium. It is a rugged country, hilly, but not mountainous. The name Arduenna appears to be descriptive, and may mean " forest" A woodland tract in Warwick- shire is still called Arden. It was once a large forest, extending from the Trent to the Severn. [G. L.] ARDYES ("Af^Svcs), a tribe of Celtae, whom Polybius (iii. 47) places in the upper or northern valley of the Rhone, as he calls it His description clearly applies to the Valais, down which the lUione flows to the Lake of Geneva. In the canton of Yalus there is a village still called Ardon in the division of the Valais, named Gontey. [G. L.] AREA, or ARIA. [Aretias.] AREBRIGIUM, a town or village of the Salasai, mentioned only in the Itineraries, which place it on the road from Augusta Praetoria to the pass of the Graian Alps, 25 M. P. from the former city. (Itin. Ant pp. 345, 347; Tab. Pent) This distance coincides with the position of Pr^ St. Didier^ a oon- siderable village in an opening of the upper vaUey of Aosta^ just where the great streams from the southern flank of Mont Blanc join the Dora, which descends from the Petit SL Bernard. As the first tolerably open space in the valley, it is supposed to have b^n the first halting-place of Hannibal after ARENACUM. his passage of the Graian Alps. (Wickhun and Cramer, Pasaage of Hannibal, p. 1 13, seq.) It is inunediately at the foot of the Ctamont, a moan< tain whose name is probably connected with Cbb- MONia JuouM. (Liv. xxL 38.) [E. H. B.] ARECCMICL [VoLCAE.] AREIO'PAGUS. [ATHKirAit.] ARELA'TE (also Arelatum, AJrelas, 'Af»cX^ai: Eth. Arelatensis; Aries), a city of the Prorincia or Gallia Nvbonensis, first mentioned by Caesar {B. C. i. 36, ii. 5), who had some ships built thoe for the siege of Massilia, The place is situated on the left bank of the Rhone, where the river divides into tiro branches. It was connected by roads with Vakntia {Vcdence), with Massilia (MarseiUe); with Fomm Julii {FrSjus), with Barcino in Spun {Barcelona); and with other places. This city is supposed to be the place called Theline in the Ora MariHma (v. 679) of Festus Avienus ; and as Theline a]^iears to be a significant Greek term (di}X^), IVAnville (No^ tice, &C., AreUUe and others found a confinnatioo of the name of Avienus in a stone discovered near Aries, with the inscription Manmoillaria: but the stone is a mile-^tone, and the true reading on it i» " MassiL Milliar. I.**, that is, the first mile-strae <sx the way from Arelate to Massilia ; a signal instance of the blunders which may bo made by trusting to careless copies of inscriptions, and to false etymo- logies (Walckenaer, Geog. des Gaulet). Arebtte was in the country of the Salyes, after whose conquest by the Romans (b.c. 123), we may suppose that the place fell under their dominion. It became a Roman colony, apparently in the time of Augustus, with the name of Sextani attached to it, in caose- quence of some soldiers of the sixth legion being j settled there (Plin. iii. ^) ; and this name is coa'Sj firmed by an inscription. Another inscription gives it also the cognomen Julia. In Strabo's time (p. 181) it was the centre of considenible trade, and Mela (iL 5) mentions Arelate as one of the chief cities of Gallia Narbonensis. The place was im- proved by Constantiue, and a new town was built, probably by him, opposite to the old one, on the other side of the stream; and from this circumstance Arelate was afterwards called Constantina, as it is said. Ausonius {Urb. NobU. viii.) accordingly calls Arelate duplex, and speaks of the bridge cli boats on the river. The new city of Constantino was on the site of the present suburb of TrinquUcaiU, m the island (^ La Ceanargue, which is formed by the bifurcation of the Rhone at Ariea, Arelate was the residence of the praefect of Gallia in the time of Honorius ; and there was a mint in the city. The Roman remains of Arlet are very numerons. An obelisk of Egyptian granite was found buried with earth some centuries ago, and it was set up in 1675 in one of the squares. It seems that the obelisk had remained on the spot where it was ori- ginally landed, and had never been erected by the Romans. The amphitheatre of Arle» is not so perfect as that of Neinausus (Nime»), but the di- mensions are much larger. It is estimated that it was capable of containing at least 20,000 persons. The larger diameter of the amphitheatre is 466 feet A part of the old cemetery. Campus Elysaus, now Eliecamps, contains ancient tombs, both Pagan and Christian. [G. L.] AREMORICA. [Armorica.] ARENACUM, is menti<Hied by Tacitus (/Tutt V. 20) as the station of the tenth legion, when Civills attacked the Romans at Arenacom, Bato-