Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/178

162 APOLLONIA. APSARUS tween Caesarea and Joppa. (Steph. B.; Ptol. V. 16; Plin. v. 14; Peut. Tab.) The origin of its name is not known, but was probably owing to the Macedonian kings of either A^^^pt or S>Tia. After having suffered in their wars, it was repaired bj Gabinios, proconsul of Syria. (Joseph. B. J, i. 6.) Arsuf on the coast, a deserted village upon the Noir Arsuf represents the ancient Apollonia. (Robinson, Bibl JRes. vol. iii. p. 46 ; Irbj and Mangles, Trav. p. 189 ; Chesney, Exped, Eupkrai, vol. i. p. 490.) ArsirfwAS famous in the time of the Crusades. (Wilken, die Kreuez, vol. ii. pp. 17, 39, 102, vol. iv.* p. 416, vol. viL pp. 325, 400, 425.) The chroniclers confounded it with Antipatris, which lies further inland. . A town of Syria. The name attests its Mace- donian origin. (Appian. Syr. 57.) Strabo (p. 752) mentions it as tributaxy to Apamea, but its position is uncertain. [£. B. J.] APOLLO'NIA (Mana Souaah in Africa, one of the five cities of the Libyan Pentapolis in Gyre- naica. It was originally the port of Gyrene, and is mentioned by Scylax (p. 45) simply as such, without any proper name ; but, like the other ports on this coast, it grew and flourished, especially under the Ptolemies, till it eclipsed Gyrene itself. It was the birthplace of Eratosthenes. (Strab. xvii. p. 837 ; Mela, i. 8; Plin. v. 5; Ptol. iv. 4; Died, xviii. 19; Steph. B. g, V.) It is almost certainly the Soznsa (^tiCowra) of later Greek writers (Eierocl. p. 732 ; Epiphan. haeres. 73. 26); and this, which was very probably its original name, has given rise to its mo- dem appellation. The name Apollonia was in honour of the patron deity of Gyrene. The site of the city is marked by splendid, though greatly shattered ruins, among which are those of the citadel, temples, a theatre, and an aqueduct. (Barth, Wcmdenmgenj <fc., pp. 452, foil.) [P. S.] APOLLONIA'TIS. [Apollonia.] APOLLO'NIS ('AiroAAwcfs: £<A. *AiroA.«v(5ijs, Apollonidensis), a town the position of which is con- nected with that of Apollonia in Mysia. South of this Apollonia is a ridge of hills, after crossing which the rend to Sardis had on the left Thyatira, and on the right Apollonis, which is 300 stadia from Pergamum, and the same distance from Sardis. (Strab. 625.) A village BuUene^ apparently the same place that Toumcfort calls BalamorU^ seems to retain part of the ancient name. The place was named after Apollonis, a woman of Gyzicus, and the wife of Attains, the first king of Pergamum. Gicero mentions the pkce (j>ro Fiacc. c. 21, 32, ad Q. Fr. i. 2). It was one of the towns which suffered in the great earthquake in these parts m the time of Tiberius. (Tac. Ann, ii. 47.) It is mentioned by Pliny (v. 30) as a small place. It was subse- quently the see of a bishop. There are both autono- mous and imperial coins of Apollonis with the epigraph ^^iroKKtaviHitav. [G. L.]

APOLLONOS HIERON ('AtoAAwvoj Uftovi Eth. Apollonos hieritae), is mentioned by Pliny (v. 29). It seems to be the same place as Apollonia in My&ia. Mannert coije<;tures that the name Apol- lonia or Apollonos Hieron was afterwards changed into Hierocaesarea, which is mentioned by Tacitus ^Ann. ii. 47) as one of the towns of Asia that suf- fered from the earthquake in the time of Tiberius; but if this be so, it is not easy to understand why Pliny does not mention it by that name. [G. L.]

A'PONXJS, or ATONI PONS, a celebrated source of mineral and thermal waters, situated near the foot of the Euganean hills, about 6 miles SW. of Patavium, on which account the springs were often termed Aquae Patavinae (Plm. ii. 103. s. 106, xxzi. 6. 8. 32.) The proper name of these springs was snppoecd to be derived from the Greek (& and v6vot and is retained with little change in their modern name of Bagni dAhano, They appear to have been exten- sively resorted to for their healing properties, not only by the citizens of the neighbouring Patavioin, but by patients from Home and all parts of Italj; and are alluded to by J^Iartial as among the most popular bathing places of his day. (Mart. vL 42. 4; Lucan, vii. 193; Sil. Ital. zii. 218.) At a later period we find them described at considerable length by Claudian {IdylL 6), and by Theodoric in a fetter addressed to Gassiodorus {Var, ii. 39), fixan which we learn that extensive Thermae and other edifices had grown up around the spot Besides their medical infiuences, it appears that they wers resorted to for purposes of divination, by throwing Udi into the basin of the source, the numbers <^ vrhich, from the extreme clearness of the water, could be readily discerned. In the immediate neigh- bourhood was an oracle of Geiyon. (Suet Tib. 14.) < From an epigram of Martial (i. 6l. 3), it w / appear that the historian T. Livius was bo m in the ' n eighbourho od of thi s sBo t rather tlian at ratariom jl. lixelt; built is perhaps more probable ^t the poet y uses the expression " Apona tellus'* merely to desig- ' nate the territory of Patavium (the ager Patc^mu) in general. (See Gluver. luU, p. 154.) [E. H. B.] A'PPIA (*Ainr(a: Eth. Appianus), a town d Phrygia, which, according to Pliny (v. 29), belonged to the conventus of Synnada. Cicero (ad Fam. iiL 7) speaks of an application being made to him by the Appiani, when he was governor of Cilida, about the taxes with which they were burdened, and ahoat some matter of building in their town. At this time then it was included in the Province of Cilicia. The site does not seem to be known. [G.L.] APRILIS LACUS, an extensive marshy lake in Etruria, situated near the sea-shore between Populonium and the mouth of the Umbro, now called the Lc^o di Castiglione, It communicated with the sea by a narrow outlet, where there was a station for shipping, as well as one on the Via Aurelia. (Itin. Ant pp. 292, 500.) The " airmis Prille," mentioned by Pliny (iii. 5. s. 8), between Populonium and the Umbro, is evidently a comip- tion of Prilis, and it is probable that the Prelius Lacus noticed by Ciasro {pro Mil 27), is only another form of the same name. [Prelius La- cus.] [E.H.B.] APRUSTUM, a town in the ulterior of Bruttium, mentioned by Pliny (iii. 11. § 98), who tdla na that it was the only inland city of the Bnittians (mediterranei BnUtiorum Aprustani tanfyan). It is evidently the same place called in our texts of Ptolemy (iii. 1. § 75), "ASvarpoy^ ibr which we should probably read "ASpwrrov. he assochtes it with Petelia, and it has been conjectured that its site is marked by the Ullage of Argiuto, near Chiaravatte^ on a hill about 5 miles from the Galf of SquUlace. (Romanelli, vol. i. p. 189.) [E. H. B.] ATSARUS ("Ai^opoy, "Ai^o^pos), or ABSARUM (Plin. vi. 4), a river and a fort, as Pliny calls it, " in faucibus," 140 M. P. east of Trapezus (7>c6i- amd), Arrian {Peripl pw 7) places this military station 1000 stadia from Trapezus, and 450 or 490 fctiidia south of the Phabis, and about the pubit •- •, /■ -V4 /