Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/177

 APOLLONIA. 5. (^JHAlma), a town of Mjgdoilia in Uacedonia, & «f the kke Bolbe (Athen. tui. p. 334, e.), and N. of tte Ohatddxan noantaias, on the road from Theaalooica to Amphipolis, as we learn from Uie Acts of the Apostles (xviL 1) and the Itineraries. (AotOL Itu. pp. 320, 330; Itin. Hierosol. p. 605; TabL Ptatinf;.) Pliny (it. 10. s. 17. § 38) men- tioos thU Apc^IoDia. & {Itli^kero)j the chief town of Cbalcidice in Ifarcdonia, aituAted N. of Olynthns, and a little S. of the CImkidian mountains. That this ApoUonia k a different place from Na 5, appears from Xeno- pbon, who descrihes the Chalddian Apollonia as dis- tutt 10 or 12 miles frtan Oljnthos. (Xen. HelL v. 12. § I, seq.) It was probably this Apollonia which struck the beaatifril Chalcidian coins, bearing en the dbrtrso the head of Apollo, and on the re- tcrse his lyre, with the legend XdKKt9^y, 7. A town in the peninsnla of Acte, or Mt. Athos in Macedonia, the inhahitants of which were called MacrobS. (Plin. ir. 10. s. 17. § 37.) 8. A town in Thrace, situated aocciding to Livy's Bsnadve (zzxriii. 41), between Maroneia and Ab- den. bat errooeonsly placed by the Ep&tomizer of Scrdw (yiL pu 331) and by Pomponins Mela (ii 2) vat of the Nestus. The fear towns kst mentioned (Nos. 5 — 8) are frequeotfy ooofimnded, but are conectly distingoished hf Leake, who errs, however, in makhig the passage ti Atbenaens (viii. p. 334, e.), refer to No. 6, in- stead cf to No. 5. (Jfortham Greece^ voL iii. p. 4o?, aeq.) 9. A town on the frontiers of Aetolia, near Nau- pectus. (Ur. xxri'd. 8.) APOLL(XNIA, in A^a. 1. The chief town of a dirtiict in Aaayria, named ApoUoniatis. Apollonia b ia c me e t ly placed by Stephanus («. v. 'AvoA- A«vui) between Babylon and Snsa. Strabo (p. 732, aad 524) says that ApoUoniatis is that part of Bahyldoia which borders on Susis, that its original uaEoe was Sittacene, and it was then called ApoUo- aiatisb The names ApoHonia and ApoUoniatis were evidently given by the ftlacedonian Greeks. ApoUo- aiatb is in feet one of the divisions of Assyria in the gnofraphy of the Greeks; but it is impoaf>ible to de- tprnJue its limits. Polybius (v. 44) makes Meso- pirtamia and ApoUoniatis the southern boundaries of Mefia, and ApoUooiads is therefore east of the Tvria. This appears, indeed, from another passage in Polytius (v. 51), wtiich also shows that Apollonia •as east of the Tigris. The country was fertile, but it alao coctuned a hiUy tract, that is, it extended aocne £staace east of the banks of the Tigris. There b evidently great confrision in the divisions of As- mii by the Greek gec^raphers. If we place Apol- feuiatK south of the district of Arbela, and make it extend as fer as Bagdad, there may be no great error. There seems to be no authority fur fixing il» ete of ApoUonia. 2. An island on the coast of Bithynia (Arrian, PtripL pt 13), 200 stadia from the promontory of Calpe {Kirpe). It was called Thynias, says Pliny (vi. 12), to dtsdnguish it from another island Apol- knia. He ^aoes it a Roman mile from the coast. Tliyiuas, Thyne, Thynia, or Thjmis (Steph. B. s. v. 9m us y, may have been the original name of this Wand, and ApoUonia a name derived from a temple af Apnflo. boUt after the Greeks. The other name is evitktitly derived from the Thyni of the opposite APOLLONIA. 161 3. A town of Mysia, on an eminence east of Per- gamum, on the way to Sardis. (Strab. p. 625; Xen. Anab. tU. 8. § 15.) It seems to have been near the borders of Mysia and Lydia. The site does not appear to be determined. 4. Steph. B. («. v. ^KkoXXuvio) mentions Apol- lonia in Pisidia, and one also in Phrygia; but it seems very probable, from comparing what he says of the two, that there is some confusion, and there was perhaps only one, and in Pisidia. In Strabo (p. 676) the name is ApoUonias. The ruins were discovered by ArundeU (^IHscoverieSy #c. vol. i. p. 236) at a place called Ohu Borlotu The acropoUs stands on a lofty crag, from which there is an ex- tensive view of the rich plains to the NW. This place is in 38^ 4' N. lat., and in the direct line be- tween Apamea and Antioch, so fer as the nature of the countiy wiU admit. (HamUton, Researches^ ^. vol. il p. 361.) The Peutinger Table places it 24 miles from Apameia Gibotus. Several Greek inscriptions from ApoUonia have been copied by ArundeU and Hamilton. One inscription, which contains the words ^ /SovAi} kou 6 Ihjfjtos tup *AiroA- ketvtaruvj decides the question as to the site of this place. Two Greek insaiptions of the Roman period copied by ArundeU give the fuU title, '* the Boule and Demna of the ApoUoniatae Lycii Thraces Co- loni," from which ArundeU concludes that *' a Thra- dan colony established themselves in Lycia, and that some of Uie latter founded the city of ApoUonia;" an interpretation that may be not quite correct. Stephanus says that ApoUonia in Pisidia was ori- ginally caUed Mordiaeon, and was celebrated for its quinces. (Athen. p. 81.) It is stiU noted for its quinces (ArundeU), which have the great recom- mendation of being eatable without dressing. The coins of ApoUonia record Alexander the Great as the founder, and also the name of a stream that flowed by it, the Hippopharas. (Forbiger, vol. ii. p. 334.) 5. Of Mysia ('A. M 'PwvJcwcy, Strab. p. 675), a description which misled some travellers and geo- grai^ers, who fixed the site at Ulubad on the Rhyn- dactts. But the site is AhvUionte, which is on a lake of the same name, the ApoUoniatis of Strabo, who says that the town is on the lake. Some high land advances into the lake, and forms a narrow promontory, " off the SW. point of which is an bland widi the town of Abullumte" (HamUton, JReaearcheSf 4^. vol. ii. p. 87.) The remains of ApoUonia are inconsiderable. The Rhyndacus flows into the lake ApoUoniatis, and issues from it a deep and muddy river. The lake extends from east to west, and is studded with many islands in the N£. part, on one of which is the town of ApoUonia. (Hamilton.) The circuit of the lake is estimated by some traveUers at about 60 miles, and its length about 10; but the dimensions vary considerably, for in winter the waters are much higher. It abounds in fish. 6. In Lycia, is conjectured by Spratt (^Lycia, vol. i. p. 203) to have been at SarcMwjik, whero there are remains of a Greek town. The modern site b in the interior NW. of Phaselb. The author discovered an inscription with the letters " Ap " on it. Stephanus («. v.) mentions an island of the name belonging to Lycia; but there is no authority for a town of the name. There are, however, coins with the epigraph * KwoK»vuiTtov Avir. and 'AiroA- Xwiarrw Avk. BpoK.j which might indicate some phu% in Lycia. But these belong to Apollonia of Pbidia. [G. L.] 7. (iln)/*), a town of Falcstine, situated bo-