Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/147

 forth again, near Daymiel, in the small lakes called Los Ojos de Guadiana (the eyes of the Guadiana). After reooTiBg the oonaidenble river Gigwda firom the 3L, k twos irestwaid through La Mancha aad Ettremadmra, as frr as Badt^oe, where it turns to the Sl, anl &II9 at kst into the Atlantic bj ^^oMoali^ the echflr month mentioned by Strabo, and appear? to ha?e been at Lepe, being long irksed. The valley of the Ouadicma forms the S. part of the great centnl table-land of ^ain, and is bounded on the N. by the ifoH»Inw of ToiedOy aad the rest of that chain, aad on the & by the Sierra Morma. Its whole eowse B above 450 miles, of which not mnch above SO are navigable^ aad that only by small fiathmtiwwi barges. Its scarcity of water is easily aceoBoted for by the little rain that fidls on the table» had. Its nnmerous tributaries (flowing chiefly fpma the Sitrra Mor eno ) are inconsiderable streams; the only one of them mentioDed by ancient anthors B the Adrns {Albara ANATHO (: Anah), as the name appears in Isidorus of Charax. It is Anathan in Ammianus Marcellinus (xxiv. 1), and Bethauna (, perhaps Beth Ann) in Ptolemy (v. 18. § 6). D'Anville (L'Euphrate, p. 62) observes that the place which Zasimus (iii. 14) calls Phathusae, in his account of Julian's Persian campaign (A.D. 363), and fixes the position of Anah, is nowhere else mentioned. It seems, however, to be the same place as Anna, or near it. Amah is on the Euphrates, north of Hit, in a part there are eight successive islands (about 34½° N.L.). Anah itself occupies a "fringe of soil on the right bank of the river, between a low ridge of rock and the swift-flowing waters." (London Geog. Journ. vol. vii. p. 427.) This place was an important position for commerce in ancient times, and probably on the line of a caravan route. When Julian was encamped before Anatho, one of the hurricanes that sometimes occur in these parts threw down his tents. The emperor took and burnt Anatha. Tavernier (Travels in Turkey and Persia, iii. 6) describes the country around Anah as well cultilaaed; and the place as being on both sides of the riv«r, which has an island m the middle. It is a and fertile spot, in the midst of a desert , whose travels were published in 1582, 1583, speaks of the olive, dtron, orange, and other firviia growing there. The island of ^miA is covered with rains, which also extend for two miles further along the kft bank of the river. The place is about 319 ndks bdotw Bir, and 440 above Hillah, tbie site of Babykn, feUowing the coarse of the river. {London Gm^ Jbora. voL iii. pi 232.) Taremier makes it ft«r days* joomey from Bagdad to Anah.

 ANATIS [.]

 ANAUA (Ambmi), a salt lake in the southern part of Pbiygia, which Xerxes passed on his march kenae to Coloesaei (Herod, vii. 30.) There a town also called Annua on or near the lake. the take of Ckardak, atlTaafji Tow Ghkieul, 8i it is sometimes called. This lake is neariy dry ia saomer, at which season there is an incrustation tf aak on the mod. The salt is collected now, as itwas in former days, and supplies the neigbbourhood and remoter parts. Arrian (Anab. i. 29) describes, under the name of Ascania, a salt lake which Alexander passed on his march fhnn Pisidia to Celaenae; and the description corresponds to that of Lake Chardak so far as its saline properties. Leake {Aeia Minora p. 146) takes the Ascania of Arrian to be the lake Burdur or BukbiTy which is some distance S£. of Chardak, There is nothing in Arrian to determine this question. Leake (p. 150) finds a discrepancy between Arrian and Stnbo as to the distance between Sagalassus and Celaenae (Apameia). Strabo (p. 569) makes it one day's journey, " whereas Arrian relates that Alexander was five days in marching fifxnn Sagakssus to Celaenae, passing by the lake Ascama.** But this is a mistake, Arnan does not say that be was five days in marching firam Sagalassus to CebMnae. However, he does make Alexander pass by a hike from which the inhabitants collect salt, and Btddur has been supposed to be the lake, because it lies on the direct road from Sagalassus to Cehienae. But this difficulty is removed by obserring that Arrian does not say that Alexander marched from Sagalassus to Celaenae, but from the country of the Piddians; and so he may have passed by Anaua. Hamiltonobflerves {Researches, &c voL L p. 496), that Buidur is only sUghtly brackish, whereas Chardak exactly correspiHids to Arrian's description (p. 504). P. Lucas ( Voyage, &c. i. book iv. 2) describes Lake Bondur, as he calls it, as having water too bitter for fu^ to live in, and as abounding in wild-fowl.

In justification of the opinions here expressed, it may be remarked, that the "five days" of Alexander from Sagalassus to Celaenae have been repeated and adopted by several writers, and thus the question has not been truly stated.

 ANAURUS (*Kvaupos a small river in Magnesia, in Thesssly, flowing past Iolcos into the Pagasaean gulf, in which Jason is said to have lost one of his sandals. (Apoll. Rhod. i. 8; Simonid. ''ap. Athen.'' iv. p. 172, e; Apollod. i. 9. § 16; Strab. ix. p. 436; Lucan, vi. 370; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 381.)

 ANAZARBUS or -A (Ayd(ap€o$, 'Atf^Coftfa : Eth. *Aya(apS*(fSy Anazarbemu)^ a dty of Cilicia, so called, according to Stephanus, either from an adjacent mountain of the same name, or from the founder, Anazarbus. It was situated on the Pyramus, and 1 1 miles from Mopsnestia, according to the Peutinger Table. Suidas ($. v. KvivJia) says 3iat the original name of the place was Cyinda or Quinda; that it was next called Diocaesarea; and (s.v. ^Aud(ap€os) that having been destroyed by an earth- quake, the emperor Nerva sent thither one Ai azarbns, a man of soiatorial rank, who rebuilt the city, and gave to it his own name. All this cannot be true, as Yalesins (Amm. Marc. xiv. 8) remarks, for it was called Anazarbus in Pliny's time (v. 27). Dioscorides is called a native of Anazarbus; but the period of Dioecorides is not certain.

Its later name was Caesarea ad Anazarbum, and there are many medals of the place in which it is both named Anazarbus and Caesarea at or under Anazarbus. On the division of Cilicia it became the chief place of Cilicia Secunda, with the title of Metropolis. It suffered dreadfully from an earthquake both in the time of Justinian, and, still more, in the reign of his successor Justin.

The site of Anazarbus, which is said to be named