Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/953

 SCOMBIIARIA. Scoliis was so disagreeable and rugged (rpaxi^v) that it gave rise to the proverb, " never let us go to Scolus, nor follow any one there " (ix. p. 40S). Leake places Scolus just below the projection of Cithaeron, on a little rocky table-height, overlook- ing the river, where stands a vietvkhi dependent on a convent in the Eleutheris, called St. Meletius. (^Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 330.) SCOMBIiA'KIA {-ZKoixSpapia, Strab. iii. p. 159), an island on the S. coast of Spain, in front of the bay which formed the harbour of Carthago Nova, and 24 stadia, or 3 miles, distant from the coast. It derived its name from the scombei, tunny-fish, or mackarel, which were found here in great quan- tities, and from which the Romans prepared their garum. (Plin. xxxi. 8. s. 43.) It was also called Herculis Insula. Now Isloie. [T. II. D.] SCOMBRA'SIA. [Saturni Pkom.] SCOMBRUS, SCO'iMIUS (l.K6/x§pos, al. :Zk6. /lio?, Thuc. ii. 96 ; Aristot. Meteor, i. 13; Scopius, riin. iv. 17 : FAh. 'XKo/j.Spoi, Hesych.), an out- lying mountain of the chain of Haemus, or that cluster of great summits between Ghmstendil and Sofia, which sends tributaries to all the great rivers of the N. of European Turkey. As the most central point, and nearly equidistant from the Euxine, the Aegean, the Adriatic, and the Danube, it is probably the Haemus of the traveller's tale in Livy (xl. 21), to which riiilip, son of Demetrius, king of jlace- donia, made a fruitless excursion with the expec- tation of beholding from thence at once the Atoc/i; 5ea).the Danube and the Alps. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 474.) [E. B. J.] SCOMIUS. [ScOMBRUS.] SCOPAS {'S,K6ias), an eastern tributary of the Sangarius in Galatia, which according to Procopius (de Aed. v. 4) joined the Sangarius, 10 miles east of the town of Juliopolis. Pliny (v. 43) calls it Scopius, and according to Procopius this river fre- quently overflowed the country, which is perhaps alluded to in the .Jerusalem Itinerary (p. 574), where a station called Hycronpotamum (i. e. vyphv iroTa- ixov') is mentioned about 13 miles to the e;ist of Juliopolis. The modern name of the river is Aladan. (Comp. Leake, Asia Minor, p. 79; Eckhel, Doctr. A'm7i.'iii. p. 101.) [L. S.] SCO'PELL'S. [Halonnesus.] SCOPE [Scui-i.] SCOT^IA (^Koiria aKpa), a headland on the west coast of Caria, to the west of Myndus, and opposite the island of Cos. (Ptol. v. 2. § 10.) Strabo (xiv. p. 658) mentions two headlands in the same vicinity, Astypalaea and Zepliyrium, one of which may pos- sibly be the same as Scopia. [L. S.] SCORDISCI (:S,KopMaKOi). a powerful Celtic tribe, in the southern part of Lower Pannonia, be- tween the rivers Savus, Dravus, and Danubius. They and the Boii were overpowered by the Dacians. (Strab. vii. pp. 293, 313.) Some call them an lllyrian tribe, because, living on the borders of Illy- ricum, they were nmch mixed up with them. They were in the end greatly reduced by their struggles with the Dacians and the Triballi, so that when they came in contact with the Romans they were easily subdued. (Appian, Illyr. 3; Liv. xli. 23; Justin, xxxii. 3; Plin. iii. 28; Ptol. ii. IC. § 3.) In Pannonia they seem to have gradually hecome assimilated to the Panuonians, whence in later times they disappear from history iis a distinct na- tion or tribe. [L. S.] SCOEDISCUS. [ScywsES.] SCOTUSSA. SCORDUS MOXS. [ScARDi-s.] 903 SCOTANE. [Cleitor, p. 633. a.] SCOTI. The Scoti were the ancient inhabitants of Hibernia, as appears from notices in some of the Latin writers. (Claudian, delV. Cons. Honor. 33, de Laud. Stil. ii. 251 ; Oros. i. 2.) For several centuries Ireland was considered as the land of the Scoti, and the name of Scotia was equivalent to that of Hibernia. (Isid. Orig. xiv. 6; Beda, i. 1, ii. 4; Geogr. Rav. i. 3, v. 32 ; Alfred the Great, ap. Oros. p. 30, &c.) We have no accounts respecting the subdivisions of the Scoti; but perliaps they are to be sought in the names of the Irish counties, as Munster, Leinster, Ulster, Connaught. Ammianus mentions the Scoti, in conjunction with the Atta- cotti, as committing formidable devastations (xxvii. 8. § 4). According to St. Jerome {adv. Jovin. V. 2. 201, ed. Mart.) they had their wives in conmion ; a custom which Dion Cassius represents as also prevailing among the kindred race in Caledonia (Ixxvi. 12). At a later period the names of Scotia and Scoti vanish entirely from Ireland, and become the appellations of the neighbouring Caledonia and its inhabitants. This was effected through a mi- gration of the Scoti into Caledonia, who settled to the N. of the Clyde ; but at what time this hap- pened, cannot be ascertained. Beda (i. 1) states that it took place under a leader called Reuda. The new settlement waged war with the surrounding Picts, and even against the Anglo-Saxons, but at first with little success. (Id. i. 24, iv. 36.) Ul- timately, however, in the year 839, under king Keneth, they succeeded in subduing the Picts (Fordun, Scot. Hist. ap. Gale, i. 659, seq.); and the whole country N. of Sohcay Frith subsequently obtained the name oi Scotland. (Comp. 'Zeuss, Die Deutschen v. die Nachharstilmme, p. 568; Gibbon, vol. iii. p. 268, and notes, ed. Smith.) [T.H.D.] SCOTITAS. [Laconia, p. 113, b.] SCOTUSSA {Pent. Tab.; Scotusa, Plin. iv. 17. s. 18: Eth. Scotuss.aei, Plin. iv. 17. s. 18), a station on the road from Heracleia Sintica to Philippi, which passed round the N. of the lake Cercinites, answering to the place where the Stiymon was crossed just above the lake. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 227.) [E.B.J.] SCOTUSSA (2«:oTouiT(7a or S'fOToCrro ; Fill, 'S.KOTovacraios'), an ancient town of Pelasgiotis in Thessaly, lying between Plierae and Pharsalus, near the frontiers of Phthiotis. Scotussa is not men- tioned in Homei", but according to some accounts the oracle of Dodona in Epeirus originally came from this place. (Strab. vii. p. 329.) In b. c. 394 the Scotussaei joined the other Thessalians in oji- posing the march of Agesilaus through their country. (Xen. Hell, iv 3. § 3.) In i(. c. 367 Scotussa was treacherously seized by Alexander, tyrant of the neighbouring town of Pherae. (Diod. xv. 75.) In the territory of Scotussa were the hills called Cynoscephalae, which are memorable as the scene of two battles, one fought in n. c. 364, between the Thebans and Alexander of Pherae, in which Pe- lopidas was skin, and the other, of still greater celebrity, feught in b. c. 197, in which the last Philip of Macedonia was defeated by the Roman consul Flamininns. (Plut. Pelop. 32; Strab. ix. p. 441 ; Polyb. xviii. 3, seq.; Liv. xxxiii. 6, seq.) In Ti. c. 191 Scotussa surrendered to Antidchus, but was recovered shortly afterwards, along witii Phai- salus and Pherae, by the consul Acilius. (Liv. xxxvi. 9, 14.) The ruins of Scotussa are found at 3o 3