Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/941

 SARON. No (race is found in ancient authors of a town of the name of Sanius; but it is mentioned by the Geographer of Ravenna (iv. 32), and seems, there- fore, to have grown up soon after the fall of the Roman Empire. [E. H. B.] SARON. [SiiAKON.] SARON. [Sakonicus Sinus.] SARO'NICUS SINUS {l,apuutKhs kSKttos, Aes- chyl. Affam. 317; Strab. viii. pp. 335, 369, 374, 380; ^apuviKhs nSpos, Strab. viii. p. 335; Xapw- ViKhu -niXayos, Strab. viii. pp. 335, 369; "Zapwuis ^a.a.aaa, Dionys. Per. 422; also called ^aAaixtvi- aKhs KuAwos, Strab. viii. p. 335: Gu/f of Egina), a gulf of the Aegaean sea, extending from the pro- montories of Sunium in Attica and Scyllaeum in Troezenia up to the isthmus of Corinth. The length of the gulf, according to Scylax (p. 20, Hudson), is 740 stadia. It washes the coasts of Attica, Jlegaris, Corinth, Epidaurus and Troezen, and contains the islands of Aegina and Salamis. It was said to have derived its name from Saron, a king of Troezen, who was drowned while hunting in a lagoon upon the Troezenian coast called Phoebaea and afterwards Saronis. (Pans. ii. 30. § 7; Etym. M. p. 708. 52; Leake, Morea, vol. ii.p. 448.) A Troezenian river Saron is also mentioned (Eustath. ad Dionys. Per. 422), and likewise a town of the same name. (Steph. B. s. v.") Some derived the name of the gulf from aapaivis, " an oak." (Plin. iv. 5. s. 18.) SARPE'DON (SapTTTjSc^j' or SapTrriSajria &Kpa), a promontory on the coast of Cilicia, 80 stadia to the west of the mouth of the Calycadnus, and 120 from Seleuceia. In the peace between the Romans and Antiochus the Great this promontory and Cape Calycadnus were made the frontier between the kingdom of Syria and the free countries of Asia Minor. (Strab. xiv. p. 670; Ptoh v. 8. § 3; Ap- pian, Syr. 39 ; Pomp. Jlela, i. 13 ; Liv. xxxviii. 38; Plin. v. 22; Stadicmn. Mar. Magni, § 163.) It now bears the name of Lissan-el-Kahpe. (Leake, Asia Minor, p. 203.) [L. S.] SARPEDO'NIUM PROM. (^ap-KriSoviri &.Kpr,, Herod, vii. 58), the NW. extremity of the gulf of Melas, and due north of the eastern end of the island of Imbros, now Cape Paxi. [.J. R.] SARRASTES. [Sarnus.1 SARRUM, in Gallia, is placed by the Table be- tween Condate (Cognac) [Condate. No. 5] and Vesunna (^Periguetix). It is supposed to be Char- mans, but the real distances do not agree with the numbers in the table. [G. L.] SARS, a river on the W. coast of Hispania Tar- raconensis, between the Prom. Nerium and the Minius. (Mela, iii. 1 .) Incontestably the modern Sar, which does not reach the sea, but falls into the ancient Ulla at Turris Augusti ( Torres de Esle). (Com p. Florez, Esjy. Sagr. xv. p. 41.) [T. H. D.] SA'RSINA (Sapo-iTO, Strab. : Eth. Sarsinas: 5a?-- sina), a city of Umbria, situated in the Apennines, on the left bank of the river Sapis (^Savio), about 16 miles above Caesena. It .seems to have been in very early times a powerful and important city, as it gave name to the tribe of the Sarsinates (Sctpai- fdroi, Pol.), who were one of the most considerable of the Umbrian tribes. Indeed some authors speak of them as if they were not included in the Um- brian nation at all, but formed a separate tribe with an independent national character. Thus Polybius, in enumerating the forces of the Italian nations, speaks of the Umbrians atul Sarsinates, and Plautus, SARUS. 921 in one passage, makes a similar distinction. (Pol. ii. 24; Plant MostelL iii. 2. 83.) The Fasti Capito- lini, also, in recording the conquest of the Sarsinates, speak of the two consuls as triumphing " de Sarsi- natibus," without any mention of the Umbrians; but the Epitome of Livy, in relating the same event, classes them generally among the Umbrians. (Liv. Epit. XV. ; Fast. Capit.) The probable conclusion is that they were a tribe of the Umbrian race; but with a separate political organisation. We have no particulars of the war which ended in their subjec- tion, which did not take place till B. c. 266, so that they were one of the last of the Italian states that submitted to the Roman yoke. P'rom this time Sarsina was certainly included in Umbria in the Roman sense of the term, and became an ordinary municipal town, apparently not of much importance. (Strab. V. p. 227; Plin. iii. 14. s. 19.) It derived its chief celebrity from its being the birthplace of the celebrated comic poet Plautus, who was born there about b. c. 254, very shortly after the Roman conquest. (Hieron. Chron. ad 01. 145; Fest. «. w. Plotus, p. 238.) Its territory contained extensive mountain pastures, — whence it is called by Silias Italicus " dives lactis" (Sil. Ital. viii. 461), — as well as forests, which abounded in donuice, so much prized by the Romans. (Martial, iii. 58. 35.) Va- rious inscriptions attest the municipal rank of Sar- sina under the Roman Empire (Orell. Jnscr. 4404; Gruter, Inscr. p. 522. 8, p. 1095. 2); but its name is not again found in history. In the middle ages it sunk into complete decay, but was revived in the 13th century, and is now a small town of 3000 in- habitants, which retains the ancient site as well as name. [E. H. B.] SARTA (SapT'J, Herod, vii. 122; Steph. B. s.v.), a maritime town on the Singitic gulf between Singus and Ampelus Prom ; now Kartdli. (Leake, North. Greece, vol. iii. p. 154.) [E. B. J.] SARUE'NA (^apo)T]va), a tovrn of Cappadocia, in the district Cham.nne or Chamanene. on the north- eastern slope of Jlount Argaeus, celebrated for its hot springs (Ptol. v. 6. §12; Tab. Peut., where it is called Arauena, whence Aquae Arauenae; It. Ant. p. 202, where its name is Sacoena). It is by some believed to be the modern Bashjan. [L. S.] SARUNE'TES,the name of an Alpine people (Plin. iii. 20. s. 24) in the valley near the sources of the Rhine. There seems no reason to doubt the correct- ness of the name, and it may be preserved mSargans, which is north of Chur, and between Cimr and the Lake of Constanz. In a passage of Caesar (Z?. G. iv. 10) he mentions tlie Nantuates as a people in the upper part of the Rhine, above the Holvetii. The name Nantuates [Nantuates] is corrupt ; and it is possible that the name Sarunetes should be in its place. [G. L.] SARUS {'Zapos'), one of the principal rivers in the south-east of Asia Jlinor, having its sources in Mount Taurus in Cataonia. It fir.st flows in a south- eastern direction through Cappadocia by the town of Comana ; it then passes through Cilicia in a south- western direction, and, after flowing by the town of Adana, empties itself into the Cilician sea, on the south of Tarsus, after dividing itself into several branches. (Liv. sxxiii. 41.) According to Xenophon (^?«a6.i.4.§ 1) its breadth at its mouth was 3 plethra or 300 feet; and Procopins {de Acdif.y. 4) sa3-s it was a navigable river. (Comp. Strab. xii. p. 535 ; Ptol. V. 8. § 4 ; Appi.an, Syr. 4 ; Plin. vi. 3 ; Eu- stath. ad JJion. Per. 867, who erroneously calls it