Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/904

 884 SALMONE. SALMO'NE (2atxwvv, Steph. B. s. v.; Strab.; 'ZaXfj.ioi'la, Diod. iv. 68 : Eth. 'SaKfj.oovevs, SaA^uoj- I'eiTT)?, Steph. B.; the form SaAiucoi/erTrjs presupposes a form SaA/xcifeia, which probably ought to be read in Diodorus instead of SaA^oij/ia), an ancient town of Pisatis in Ehs, said to have been founded by Salmoneus, stood near Heracleia at the sources of tlie Enipeus or Barnichius, a branch of the Alpheius. Its site is uncertain. (Strab. viii. p. 356; Diod. I. c; Apollod. i. 9. § 7 ; Steph. B. I. c.) SALMOXE. [Samonium Promontorhjm.] SALIIYCA (:S,dKfivKa, Steph. B. I. c), a city of Spain near the Pillars of Hercules; perhaps in the Campus Spartiarius near Carthago Nova, if the reading of Brodaeus in Oppian {Cyneg. iv. 222) is correct. (Comp. Ukert, ii. pt. i. p. 402.) [T. H. D.] SALMYDESSUS ('AA^uSio-aJis ^toj SaX/uuSrjo-- o-rfj, Ptol. iii. 11. §4; Halmydessos, Plin. iv. 11. s. 18; JNIela, ii. 2. § 5), a coast-town or district of Thrace, on the Eusine, about 60 miles NW. from the entrance of the Bosporus, probably somewhere in the neighbourhood of the modern Midjeh. The eastern offshoots of the Haemus here come veiy close to the shore, which they divide from the valley of the Hebrus. The people of Salmydessus were thus cut off from communication with the less barbarous portions of 1 brace, and became notorious for their savage and inhuman character, which harmonised well with that of their country, the coast of which was extremely dangerous. Aeschylus (^Provi. 726)* describes Salmydessus as " the rugged jaw of the sea, hostile to sailors, step-mother of ships ; " and Xenophon {Anab. vii. 5. § 12, seq.) informs us, that in his time its people carried on the business of wreckers in a very systematic manner, the coast being marked out into portions by means of posts erected along it, and those to whom each portion was assigned having the exclusive right to plunder all vessels and persons cast upon it. This plan, he says, waa adopted to prevent the bloodshed which had frequently been occasioned among themselves by their previous practice of indiscriminate plunder. Strabo (vii. p. 319) describes this portion of the coast of the Euxine as " desert, rocky, destitute of harbours, and completely exposed to the north winds;" while Xenophon (I. c.) characterises the sea adjoining it as " full of shoals." The earlier writers appear to speak of Salmydessus as a district only, but in later authors, as Apollodorus, Pliny, and Mela, it is mentioned as a town. Little is known respecting the history of this place. Herodotus (iv. 93) states that its inhabi- tants, with some neighbouring Thracian tribes, sub- mitted without resistance to Darius when he was marching through their country towards the Danube. AVhen the remnant of the Greeks who had followed Cyrus the Younger entered the service of Seuthes, one of the expeditions in which they were employed under Xenophon was to reduce the people of Salmy- dessus to obedience; a task which they seem to places Salmydessus in Asia Minor near the Ther- modon. ^vQ' ^A/xa^ovoiv (rrparhu i'|€t cTTvyavop' a'l QijxiaKvpav iron KaToiKioufftv a.iJ.(pl &fpixu5ovd', 'iva Tpa^ila IT. VTOv XafjLv5r)craia yvdQos cxdp6^(i/os vavraiTi, ixrirpvia. viwv. SALONA. have accomplished without much difficulty. (^Andb. I. e.) [J. R.] SALO, a tributary of the Iberus in Celtiberia, which flowed past the town of Bilbilis (whence Justin, xliv. 3, calls the river itself Bilbilis). and entered the Iberus at Allabon. (Mart. i. 49, x. 20, 103, iv. o.'j.) Now the Xalon. [T. H. D.] SALODU'EUM, in Gallia, is placed in the An- tonine Itin. x. from Petinesca [Petinesca], and the distance from Salodurum to Augusta Paura- corum {Augst near Basle) is xxii. Salodurum is Solothurn, as the Germans call it, or Snleure, and though the distance between Basle and Solothurn is somewhat less than that in the Itins., this may be owing to the passage over the hills which separate the cantons of Basle and Solothvrn. It is said that there are Roman remains at Soleure, and an in- scription of the year B. c. 219, " Vico Salod.", has been found there. Salodurum is one of the towns of the Helvetii with a Celtic termination (dur). Cluver conjectured that Ptolemy's Ganodurum [Ganodurum] might be Salodurum. (D'Anville, iXotice, cfc. ; Ukert, Gallien.) [G. L.] SALOE (:Sav, Pans. vii. 24. § 7), or Sale (Plin. V. 31), a small lake of Lydia at the foot of Mount Sipylus, nn the site of Tantalis or Sipyhis, the ancient capital of Maeonia, which had probably perished during an earthquake. (Strab. i. p. US, xii. p. 579.) The lake was surrounded by a marsh; and the Phyrites, which flowed into it as a brook, issued at the other side as a river of some im- portance. [L. S.] SALOMACUM or SALAMOCUM, is placed by the Antonine Itin. on a road from Aquae Tarbellicae (Dax) to Burdigala {Burdeanx). Salomacum is the next place on the road to Burdigala and xviii. distant. The distance and the name Sales show that Sales is Salomacum. [G. L.] SALO'NA, SALO'NAE CXaXwva, 'S.aKuvai ; tills latter is the more usual form, as found in Inscriptions, Orelli, Insa: nos. 502, 3833, 4995; and on coins, Rasche, vol. iv. pt. i. p. 1557: EtJt. 'S,a(cv'n7]s, SaAoireus), a town and harbour of Dalmatia, which still bears its ancient name, situated on the SE. corner of the gulf into which the Adriatic breaks {Can. di Castelli), on the N. of the river Iader (iV Giadi'o'). Lucan's description (vhi. 104) — " Qua maris Adriaci longas ferit unda Salonas Et tepidum in molles Zephyros excurrit Iader " — agrees with its oblong form, still traceable in the ruins, and with the course of the river. Though the public buildings and houses of ancient Salonae have been destroyed, enough remains of the wall to show the size, as well as position, of the city; and the arch of the bridge proves that the course of the river is unchanged. The city consisted of two parts, the eastern and the western; the latter stands on rather higher ground, sloping towards the N., along which the wall on that side is built. Little is known of Salonae before the time of Julius Caesar; after the fall of Dalminium it became the chief town of Dalmatia, and the head-quarters of L. Caecilius Jletellus, E. c. 117. (Appian, Jlli/r. 11.) It was besieged a second time, and opened its gates to Cn. Cosconius, B. c. 78. (Eutrop. vi. 4 ; Oros. v. 23.) When the Pompeian fleet swept the Ionian gulf from Corcyra to Salonae, M. Octavius, who com- manded a squadron for Pompeius, was compelled to retreat with loss from before this stronghold of
 * In this passage the poet, strangely enough,