Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/884

 8G4 SABAGENA. SABAGE'NA CZaSdynva, :2a§dyeii'a, or 2a§o'- Yica), a town in Lesser Armenia, is mentioned only by Ptolemy (v. 7. § 10) as belonging to the pre- fecture of Laviniane. [L. S.] SABALINGII (■2,a§alyyioi), a German tribe, placed by Ptolemy (ii. 11. § 11) above the Saxones in the Cimbrian peninsula, the modern Schleswig. In the absence of all further information about them, it has been inferred, from the mere resemblance of name, that they dwelt in and about the place called Sahijhohn in the island of Laland. [L. S.] SABA'RIA (Saouapia), an important town in the north of Upper Pannonia, was situated in a plain between the river Arrabo and the Deserta Boiorum, on the road from Carnuntum to Poetovium. The town, which seems to have been an ancient settlement of the Boii, derived its importance partly from the ferti- lity of the plain in which it was situated, and partly from the feet that it formed a kind of central point at which several roads met. The emperor Claudius raised it to the rank of a Roman colony, whence it received the surname of Claudia. (Plin. iii. 27; Ptol. ii. 15. § 4.) In this town Septimius Severus was proclaimed Augustus (Aurel. Vict. Epit 19), and the emperor Valentinian resided there some time. (Amm. Marc. sxx. 5.) Owing to this and other circumstances, the town rose to a liigh degree of prosperity during the latter period of the Roman Empire; and its ancient greatness is still attested by its numerous remains of temples and aqueducts. JIany statues, inscriptions, and coins also have been found at Stein am Anger, which is the modern name, or, as the Hungarians call- it, Szombathely. {It. Ant. pp. 233, 261, 262, 434 ; Orelli, Imcript. . 200 and 17S9; Schcinwisner, Antiquitates Sa- hariae, p. 45 ; Wuchar, Noricum, i. p. 167.) [L. S.] SABAEICUS SINUS. [Indicus Oceanus.] SABATA or SABDATA (Plin. vi. 27. s. 31), a town of Assyria, probably the same place as the 2a§o0o of Zosimus (iii. 23), which that writer de- scribes as 30 stadia from the ancient Seleuceia. It is also mentioned by Abulfeda (p. 253) under the name of Sabath. SABA'TIA VADA. [Vada Sabatia.] SABATI'NUS LACUS (2d§ara A.V>/7j, Strab. : Logo di Bracciano), one of the most considerable of the lakes of Etruria, which, as Strabo observes, was the most southerly of them, and consequently the nearest to Rome and to the sea. (Strab. v. p. 226.) It is, like most of the other lakes in the same region, formed in the crater of an extinct volcano, and has consequently a very regular basin-like form, with a circuit of about 20 miles, and is surrounded on all sides by a ridge of hills of no great elevation. It is probable that it derived its name from a town of the name of Sabate, which stood on its shores, but the rame is not found in the geographers, and the only positive evidence of its existence is its mention in the Tabula as a station on the Via Claudia. (Tah. Pent.) The lake itself is called Sabata by Strabo, and Sabate by Festus, from whom we learn that it gave name to the Sabatine tribe of the Roman citi- zens, one of those which was formed out of the new citizens added to the state in B. c. 387. (Liv. vi. 4,5; Fest. s. V. Sabatina, pp. 342, 343.) Sihus Italicus speaks of the " Saljatia stagna " in the plural (viii. 492), probably including under the name the much smaller lake in tl« same neighbourhood called the Lacus Alsietinus or Lago di Martlgnano. The same tradition was reported of this lake as of the Ciminian, and of many others, that there was a city SABBATHA. swallowed up by it, the remains of which could still occasionally be seen at the bottom of its clear waters. (Sotion, de Mir. Font. 41, where we should cer- tainly read ^dSarus for 2d«aTos.) It abounded in fish and wild-fowl, and was even stocked artificially with fish of various kinds by the luxurious Romans of late times. (Columell. viii. 16.) The Tabula places Sabate at the distance of 36 miles from Rome, but this number is much beyond the truth. The true distance is probably 27 miles, which would coincide with a site near the W. ex- tremity of the lake about a mile beyond the modern town of Bracciano, where there are some ruins of Roman date, probably belonging to a villa. (Tab. Pent; Holsten. Not. ad Cluver. y>- 44; Westphal, Rom. Kampagne, pp. 156, 158.) The town of Bracciano, which now gives name to the lake, dates only from the middle ages and probably does not occupy an ancient site. [E. H. B.] SABATUS. 1. (Sahbato), a river of Samnium, in the country of the Hirpini, and one of the tribu- taries of the Calor (Calore), with which it unites under the walls of Leneventum. [Calor.] The name of the river is not found in any ancient author, but Livy mentions the Sabatini among the Cam- panians who were punished for their defection to Hannibal in the Second Punic War. (Liv. xxvi. 33, 34.) These may mean generally the people of the valley of Sabatus, or there may have been, as supposed by Cluver, a town of the same name on the banks of the river. (Cluver. Ital. p. 1199.) 2. {Savuto), a river of Bruttium, on the W. coast of the peninsula, flowing into the sea between Amantea and Capo Suvero. Its name is known only from the Itineraries, from which we learn that it was crossed by the high-road to Ehegium 18 miles S. of Consentia (Cosenza), a distance which, com- bined with the name, clearly identifies it with the moiern Savuto. {Itin. Ant. ]>]>. 105, 110.) It is generally identified by geographers with the Ocinarus of Lycophron, on the banks of which the Greek city of Terina was situated; but this assumption rests on no sirfiicient grounds. [Terlna.] [E. H. B.] SA'BBATA or SABBA'TIA. [Vada Saba- tia.] SA'BBATHA (2de§o0o, Ptol. vi. 7. § 38; Sa-, bolha, Plin. vi. 28. s. 32), was the capital of the Adramitae, a Sabaean tribe inhabiting the S. coast of Arabia Felix (lat. 14° N.). [Adr^uiitae.] Its inhabitants are called Sabbathae by Festus Avi- enus {Bescr. Orb. Terr. v. 1136). Sabbatha was seated far inland, on the coast of a navigable river (Prion?) — an unusual circumstance in that re- gion, where the streams are brief in their course and seldom navigable. (Peripl. Ma?: Erytkr. p. 15.) If it really contained sixty temples within its walls, Sabbatha must have ranked second to none of the cities of Arabia. Its monopoly of the Indian trade doubtless rendered it a wealthy and important place. At no other haven on the coast were the spices, gums, and silks of India permitted to be landed: if exposed to sale elsewhere, they were confiscated, and their vendors punished with death. They were conveyed up the river to Sabbatha in boats made of leather, strained over wooden frames. One gate alone — probably for the convenience of detecting' fraud — of Sabbatha was assigned to this branch of commerce; and after the bales had been examined, the goods were not handed over to their owners until a tithe had been deducted for a deity named Sabis 0= dominus), and also a portion for the king.