Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/861

 ROMA. to the W., whence it stretches in a southerly direc- tion to a point opposite the Aventine. The mas- cuUne form of the name (Janiculus), tiiough em- ployed as a substantive by some modern writers, seems to rest on no classical authority, and can only be allowed as an adjective form with mons or collis. (Becker, Bandb. p. 653.) The name Janiculum is usually derived from Janus, who is said to have had an arx or citadel here. (Ov. Fast. i. 245 ; Macrob. Sat. i. 7.) As the ridge runs in a tolerably straight line nearly due S. from the point where it com- mences, the curve described by the Tiber towards the E. leaves a considerable plain between the river and the hill, which attains its greatest breadth at the point opposite to the Forum Boarium. This was the original Eegio Tkanstiberina. It appears to have been covered with buildings long before the time of Aucustus, and was principally inhabited by the lower classes, especially fishermen, tanners, and the like, though it contained some celebrated gar- dens. Hence the Ludi Piscatorii were held in this quarter. (Ov. Fast. vi. 237; Fest. pp. 210, 238.) It was the ancient Ghetto, or Jews' quarter, which now lies opposite to it. (Philo, de Virt. ii. p. 568, Mangey.) The Regio Transtiberina contained but few tem- ples or other public buildings. Of tlie temple of Fous FoRTUNA we have already spoken when dis- cussing the question respecting that of Pudicitia Patricia [supra, p. 814]. Of other loci religiosi in this quarter little more is known than the name. Such was the Lucus Furinae, mentioned in the nar- ratives of the death of C. (iracchus. (Aur. Vict. Vir. III. 65; Plut. C. Gracch. 17.) Cicero con- nected this grove with the Eumenides, or Furies (^Nat. Deor. iii. 18): but there is no account of those Attic deities having been naturalised at Rome, and we should rather infer from Varro that the grove was consecrated to some ancient indigenous goddess. (L. L. vi. § 19, Miill.) It was a uni- versal tradition that Numa was buried in the Jani- culum (Dionys. ii. 76; Plut. JVwm. 22; Val. Max. i. 1. § 12). Cicero, in a corrupt passage, places his tomb " hand procul a Fonti Ara " (or Fontis Aris) (ffe Leg. ii. 22); but of such a deity or altar we have no further account. We also find a Lucus Corniscarum Divarum mentioned by Paulus Diaconus (p. 64, Miili.) as " trans Tiberim;" bat though the names of these goddesses are also found in an inscription (Gruter, Ix.xxviii. 14), what they were cannot be told. Lastly, as the Basis Ca- pitolina records a Vicus Larum Ruralium in this district, we may conclude that they had a sacellum here. Among the profane places trajis Tiherim were the MuciA Pkata and the field called Codeta. The former — the land given to Mucins Scaevola by the Senate as a reward of his valour (Liv. ii. 13) — may, however, have lain beyond the district now under consideration, and probably farther down th? Tiber. The Codeta, or Ager Codetanus, was sn named from a plant that grew there resembling a horse's tail (coda) (Paul. Diac. pp. 38 and 58 Jliill.), — no doubt the Eqnisetis, or Equisetum palustre of Linnaeus. (" Invisa et equisetis est, a similitudine equinae setae," Plin. xviii. 67. s. 4.) There seems to have been a Codeta Major and a Jlinor, since Suetonius relates that Caesar exhibited a naval combat in the latter, where he had formed a lake (" in minore Codeta defosso lacu," Caes. 39) Dion Cassius, on the other hand, represents this ROMA. 841 naumachia as taking place in the Campus JMartius (xliii. 23). Becker {Bandb. p. 656, note) would reconcile these divergent accounts by assuming that the Codeta Minor lay in the Campus Martins, and the Codeta Miijor opposite to it, on the other side of the Tiber. (Cf. Preller, Regionen, p. 218.) But there seem to be some grave objections to this as- sumption. It is not probable that two jilaces bearing the same name should have been on different sides of the river, nor that there should have been a marshy district, as the Codeta evidently was, in the Campus Martius, in the time of Caesar. Besides, had the latter contained a place called Codeta Minor, — which must have been of considerable size to afford room for the exhibition of a naval combat, — we should surely have heard of it from some other source. Becker adduces, in proof of his view, another passage from Suetonius (76. c. 44), from which it appe.trs that Caesar contemplated building a magnificent temple of Mars, on the site of the lake, after causing it to be filled up ; a project, how- ever, which does not seem to have been carried into execution. Becker assumes that this temple must of course have been in the Campus Martius; though on what grounds does not appear, as we have al- ready seen that there was a temple of Mars a long way outside the Porta Capena, besides a subsequent one in the forum of Augustus. We are, therefore, of opinion, that the word 'Afjeioi, in Dion Cassius, must be a mistake either of his own, or of his copyists, and that the Campus Codetanus of the Notitia must have lain rather below the city, on the right bank of the Tiber. (Cf. Canina, Indie. p. 566, seq.) The Notitia mentions a Cami'US Bruttianus in connection with the Campus Code- tanus, but what it was cannot be said. Some have conjectured that it was called after the Bruttii, who were employed at Rome as public servants. (Paul. Diac. p. 31.) Near the same spot must have been the Horti Caesaris, which Caesar bequeathed to the Roman people. (Suet. Caes. 83; Tac. ^w«. ii. 41; Cic. Phil. ii. 42.) According to Horace, they must have lain at some distance: — " Trans Tiberim longe cubat is, prope Caesaris hortos." {Sat. i. 9. 18.) And it may be inferred from the situation of the Temple of Yoks Fortuna, which we have already discussed [supra, p. 814], that they must have been at about a mile's distance from the Porta Portuensis. (Fast. Amit. VIII. Kal.Jid.) It seems probable that they were connected with the Nemus Caesarum, where Augustus exhibited a naumachia, and where a grove or garden was afterwards laid out. ('• Navalis proelii spectaculum populo dedi trans Tiberim, in quo loco nunc nemus est Caesirum" Mon. Ahcijr.) This would rather tend to confirm the view that the codeta was in this neigh- bourhood. In Tacitus (Ann. xii. 56: '" Ut quondam Augustus structo cis Tiberim stagno ") we are there- fore probably to read nls for cis, which ancient form seems to have been retained in designating the '1 ' anstiberine district (" Dicebatur cis Tiberim et uls Tiherim," Ax. Cell. xii. 13; cf. Varr. L.L. v. § 83, Miill.; Pompon. Dig. i. tit. 2. 1. 2. § 31.) The Nemus Caesarum seems to have been so called fioni Caius and Lucius Caesar. (Dion Cass. Ixvi. 25.) We are not to suppose that it occupied the site of the lake excavated for the naumachia, but was planted round it as we learn from Tacitus ( — " apud