Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/859

 ROMA. were in existence in the time of the Anonymous of Einsiedlen (PreWer, Jicyionen, p. 171). The assump- tion that this place was occupied by a stadium built bv Alexander Severus — in which case that of Do- mitian must be sought in some otlier part of tlie Campus — rests only on traditions of the middle ages (Canina, Ifidic. p. 392). Trajan is said to have built a theatre in the Campus Martins, which, however, was destroyed by Hadrian. (Spart. Hadr. 8.) The same emperor probably erected what is called in the Notiiia the Basilica JIarcianes (Marcianae), which was probably a temple in honour of his sister, Mar- ciaua. The Antonines appear to have adorned this quarter with many buildings The Basilica Ma- tidies (Matidiae) was perhaps erected by Antoninus Pius, and consecrated to Matidia, the wife of Hadrian ; as well as the Hadrianuji, or temple to Hadrian bimself, also mentioned in the Notitia. (Preller, p. 175.) The Templum Antonini and Columna CocHLis were the temple and pillar erected in honour of M. Aurelius Antoninus. (Capitol. M. Ant. 18; Aur. Vict. E^yit. 16.) All these buildings stood near togetlier in the vicinity of the Piazza Colotuia, on which the column (Columna Antoni- niana) still exists. For a long while this column Was thought to be that of Antoninus Pius, and was even declared to be such in the inscription placed on the pedestal during the pontificate of Sixtus V. But the sculptures on the column were subsequently perceived to relate to the history of Antonine the philosopher; and this view was confirmed not only by the few remaining words of the original inscrip- tion, but also by another inscription found in the neighbouring Piazza di Monte Citorio, regarding a permission granted to a certain Adrastus, a freed- man of Septimius Severus and Caracalla, to erect a small house in the neighbourhood of the column, as curator of it. This inscription, which is now pre- served in the corridor of the Vatican, twice mentions the column as being that " Divi Marci." (Canina, Indie, p. 417, seq.) The column is an imitation of that of Trajan, but not in so pure a style of art. Both derive their name of cocldis from the spiral staircase (cochlea, kox^ms) in the interior of them. (Isid. Orig. xv. 2, 38.) The Columna Antonini Pii was a large pillar of red granite, erected to PEDESTAL OF COLUMN OF ANTONINUS PIUS. him, as appears from the inscription, by M. Aure- lius and L. Verus. It was discovered in tiie pontificate of Clement XL, in the garden of the Pudri della Missione, on the E. side of the Palazzo di Monte Citorio. It broke in the attempt to erect it in the Piazza di Monte Citorio, where the obelisk now stands ; but the pedestal with the inscription is KOMA. 839 still preserved in the garden of the Vatican. (Canina, Indie, p. 419.) The sculptures on the pedestal represent the Apotheosis of Antoninus Pius and Faustina. The Thermae Commodianae and Alexan- DRINAE will be treated of in the section on the baths. After the time of Alexander Severus we find but few new buildings mentioned in this dis- trict. Gordian III. is said to have entertained the design of buildmg an enormous portico under tliu Pincian hill, but it does not appear that it was ever executed. (Capitol. Cord. III. c. 32.) Respecting the Porticus Flaminia, see the article Pons Mil- vius. Some porticoes near the Pons Aelius, which appear to have borne the name of Maximae, were terminated by the Triumphal Arch of Gratian, Valentinlvn, and Theodosius; the inscription on which will be found in the Anonymous of Einsiedlen, and in Gruter(clxsii. 1). Claudius, who was prefect of the city underValentinian I., erected a portico near the baths of Agrippa, which he called Pokticus BoNi EvENTUS, after a neighbouring temple with the same name (Amm. Marc. xxix. 6. § 19) ; but with regard to this temple we have no information. Vi'e sliall now proceed to that part of the district under consideration comprised in the 7th Region of Augustus, and subsequently called Via Lata, from the road which bounded its western side, and which formed the southern extremity of the Via Flaminia. The most important topographical question con- nected with this district is the situation of the Campus Agrippae, and the buildings connected with it. We have already shown from the situation of Martial's house, as well as from the probable site of the temple of Sol, that the Campus Agrippae must have lain under the western side of the Quirinal, and not under the Pincian, where Becker places it. It is probable, too, that it lay on a line with the Pan- theon and thermae of Agrippa, although divided from them by the Via Lata; and hence Canina cor- rectly describes it as facing the Septa (^Indic. p. 215), whilst Urlichs and Preller, in like manner, place it between the Piazza degli Apostoli and the Fon- tana Trevi. {Beschr. vol. iii. pt. iii. p. 112; Regionen, p. 138.) The Campus Agrippae contained gardens, porticoes, and places for gymnastic exercises, and was, in short, a kind of Campus Slartius in minia- ture. It was also a favourite lounge and promenade. (A. Gell. xiv. 5.) It appears from a passage in Dion Cassius, that the Campus was not finished before Agrippa's death, and that it was opened to the public by Augustus (Iv. 8.) It contained a Porticus Polae, so named after Agrippa's sister Pola or Polla; which is probably the same as that alluded to by Martial, in some passages before quoted, under the name of Vipsania. The latter name seems to be corrupted in the Notitift, into Porticiis Gypsiani. Becker {Ilandb. p. 596) would identify the Porticus Polae with the Porticus Europae, butthey seem to be diflcrent structures. (Urlichs, Rom. lojjog'r. p.d.) The latter, which derived its name from a picture of the lape of Europa, is frequently mentioned by Martial (ii. 14, iii. 20, xi. 1). Its situation cannot be determined ; but most topo- graphers place it in the Campus Martins, among the other buildings of Agrippa. (Canina, Indicaz. p. 409 ; Urlichs, Riim. Mars/eld, p. 1 16 ) It appears from the Notitia that the Campus Agiippae contained Casti'.a, which, from the Catalogiis Imperat. Vienn. (t. ii. p. 240, Konc), apjoarto have been dedicated by Aureliau; but the Porticus Vipsania served as a 3 11 4