Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/854

 834 ROMA. 5) HEUCVLI . MVSARViM. rVTHVS (Urliclis, Ulim. Topo(jr. p. 140, and Anho. p. 32). Indeed P]u- iTicnius expressly says that Fulvius Nobilior when in Greece had lieard " Herculem Musagetem esse comitcni ducemque Musaruni " (^jiro Inst. ScJiol. Ang. p. 195, Arntz.); and we learn from Ovid that the statue of Hercules represented him with a lyre (^FaM. . 810): — " Annuit Alcides, hicrepuitque lyram." The vicinity of the temple and portico is indicated in Martial (v. 49. 8). It is supposed that the Theatruji Balbi lay close to the western side of this portico, and, a little farther on, opposite the round end of the circus, but rather to the north of it, the Tiieatkum Pompeii; of which latter there are still some remains at the Palazzo Pio. Pompey's theatre must have lain close to the boundary between the Campus Martins and Circus Flaminius since Pliny mentions that a colossal statue of Jupiter, erected by the emperor Claudius in the Campus, was called Pompeianus from its vicinity to the theatre ("' Talis in Campo Martio Jupiter a Divo Claudio Caesare dicatus, qui vocatur Pompeianus a vicinitate theatri," xxxiv. 18). The same thing might also be inferred from Cicero ('" Quid enim loci natura afferre potest, ut in porticu Pompeii jiotius quam in Campo ambulemus," de Fato, 4.) Hence it would appear that the boundary of the two districts, after proceeding along the northern side of the Circus Flaminius, took a north-westerly direction towards the river. The PoRTicus Pompeii adjoined the scena of his theatre, and afforded a shelter to the spectators in the event of bad weather. (Vitruv. v. 9.) But what conferred the greatest interest on this group of buildings was the CuuiA Pompeii, a large hall or liexedra in the portico itself, sometimes used for the representation of plays as well as for assemblies of the senate. It was here that Caesar was assas- sinated, at the base of Pompey's statue; an event which caused it to be regarded as a locus sceleratus, and to be walled up in consequence. (Cic. Dlv. ii. 9; Dion Cass. xliv. 16. 52; Suet. Caes. 80, 88; I'lut. Brut. 14, Caes. 66, &c.) The statue of Pompey, however, was first taken out by order of Augustus, and placed under a marble arch or Janus, opposite the portico. (Suet. Aug. 31.) It is a question whether the portico styled Hecato- STYLON, from its having a hundred columns, was only another name for the portico of Pompey, or quite a distinct building. It is sometimes men- tioned in a manner which would seem to intimate that it was identical with the Porticus Pompeii. Thus both are said to have had groves of plane- trees (Prop. ii. 32. 11), and to have been consumed in one and the same lire. (Hieron. Chron. p. 475, Rone.) The following lines of Martial, however, appear to show that they were separate, hut adjoin- ing buildings (ii. 14. 6); — " Inde petit centum pendentia tecta columnis; mine Pompeii dona nemusque duplex " From the.'^e lines, and from two fragments of the Capitoline Plan, Canina has correctly inferred that there were two distinct porticoes, and that the Hecatostylon adjoined the N. side of that of Pompey. {Fnclic. p. 373.) Pompey also built a private dwell- ing-house near his theatre, in addition to the house which he possessed in the Carinae. The former of these seems to have been situated in some gardens. ROMA. (Plut. Pomp. 40, 44.) We find other Horti Pom- peii mentioned with the epithet of svperivres, pro- bably from their lying on the Pincian hill. (Ascon. ad Cic. Mil. Arg. p. 37, and c. 25. p. 50, Orell.) Near the theatre of Pompey was also the Por- ticus OcTAViA, which, as we have said, must be j carefully distinguished from the Porticus Octaviae. ' j It was a double portico originally erected by Cn. Octavius after his triumph over Perseus. It wa.s likewise called Corinthia, from its columns being adorned with bronze capitals. (Plin. xxxiv. 7: Veil. Pat. ii. 1; Fest. p. 178.) Augustus rebuilt it, but dedicated it again in the name of its founder. Also near the theatre was the Triumphal Arch OF Tiberius, erected by Claudius. (Suet. Claud. 11.) Other temples in the district of the Circus Fla- minius, besides those already enumerated, were a Temple of Diana, and another of Juno Regisa, — different from that of Juno in the Porticus Octa- viae, — both dedicated by M. Aemilius Lepidus, b. c 179. (Liv. xl. 52.) An Aedes Fortunae Equestris vowed by Q. Fulvius Flaccus in a battle against the Celtiberians, B.C. 176. (Liv. xl. 40, 44, xlii. 3, 10.) It stood near the theatre of Pom- pey in tile time of Vitruvius (iii. 3. § 2, Schn.), but seems to have disappeared before that of Tacitus. (Ann. iii. 71.) A Temple of Mars, founded by D. Junius Brutus Callaicus (Plin. xxxvi. 5. s. 26); one of Neptune, cited as " delubruni Cn. Domitii " (76.; Gruter, Inscr. cccxviii. 5); one of Castor and Pollux (Vitruv. iv. 8. 4); and probably also one of Vulcan. (Fast. Capran. X. Kal. Sep.') Some of these last, however, were perhaps, mere sacella in the circus itself. A few profane objects will close the list of public buildings in this quarter. The Stabula iv. Fac- tionum of the Notitia must have been the stables in which the horses of the four factions or colours of the circus, albata, prasina, russata, and veneta, were kept. Domitian added two more colours, the aurata and purpurea, and another reading of the Cunosum mentions six stables, whilst the Notitia — certainly erroneously — names eight; but it seems most proba- ble that there were only four. (Preller, Pegionen, p. 167.) Some of the emperors paid great attention to these stables. Tacitus represents Vitellius as build- ing some (Hist. ii. 94); and Caligula was constantly dining and spending his time in the stables of the Green Faction. (Suet. Cal. 55.) The four in ques- tion were probably situated under the Capitol, near the carceres of the Circus Flaminius. Between the Porticus Philippi and the theatre of Balbus lay two Porticus Minuciae, styled respectively Vetus and Frumentaria, both built by Minucius who was consul in B.C. 111. (Veil. Pat. ii. 8.) The Frumentaria appears to have been the place in which the tesserae were distributed to those entitled to share the public gifts of corn. (.Appul. de Mund. extr. p. 74. 14, Elm.; cf. Cic. Phil. ii. 34; Lampr. Comm. 16.) The Crypta Balbi mentioned in the Notitia was probably a peculiar species of por- tico, and most likely attached to the theatre of Balbus. A crypta differed from a portico by hav- ing one of its sides walled, and by being covered with a roof, in which were windows. (Urliclis, Beschr. vol. iii. pt. ii. p. 62.) Such were the public buildings in the district called Circus Flaminius; immediately to the N. of which lay the Campus Martius, sometimes called merely Campus. The purposes to which this plain