Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/851

 ROMA. I though these coritinued to bear in general the name of LucuUus. But Becker interprets the passage wrongly when lie thinks that the temple of Sol lay beyond these gardens : on the contrary, the passing that temple gave rise to the conversation, which lasted till Vopiscus and his friend arrived at the Horti Valeriani, wherever these may have been ; and if they were on the Pincian, the temple of Sol, in the locality indicated, would have been on the road to them from the Palatium. Lastly, we may observe that the Quirinal had, in veiy early times, been de- dicated to the worship of Sol, who was a Sabine deity (Varro, L. L. v. § 74); and there was a PuLViNAR SoLis in the neighbourhood of the temple of Quirinus. (Quint. Inst. Or. i. 7; Fast. Capran. Id. Aug. cf. Urlichs, Beschr. iii. 2. p. 386; Canina, Indie, p. 210, seq.; Preller, Regionen, p. 137.) Such were the sanctuaries of the Quirinal. The ancient topographers, who are followed by the mo- dem Italians, have assigned two circi to this quarter: the Circus Florae near the temple of the same name, and the Circus Sallustii in the gardens of Sallust, between the Quirinal and Pincian. The former has certainly been invented by misconstruing an inscription relating to the games of Flora in the Circus Blasimus. (Becker, Eandb. p. 673.) It is more doubtful whether a Circus Sallustii may not have existed. We have seen from a passage of Livy that the Ludi Apollinares were performed out- side the Porta Collina when the overflowing of the Tiber prevented their performance in the usual place; and, according to Canina (^Indicaz. p. 199), traces of a circus are still visible in that locality. But none is mentioned in the catalogues of the Regions, nor does it occur in any ancient author. The Horti Sallustiani, however, undoubtedly lay in the valley between the Quirinal and Pincian, but their exact extent cannot be determined. They were formed by Sallust the historian with the money which he had extorted in Numidia. (Dion Cass, sliii. 9.) The house of Sallust lay near to the (subsequent) Porta Salaria, as we learn from Procopius, who relates that it was burnt in the storm of the city by Alaric, and that its half-con- sumed remains still existed in his time. {B. V. i. 2.) The Anonymous of Einsiedlen mentions some Ther- mae Sallustianae near the church of S. Susanrui; and the older topographers record that the neigh- bourhood continued to be called Salustrlcum or Sahstium even in their days. (Andr. Fulvius, de Urh. Ant. p. 140; Luc. Fauno, Ant. di R, iv. 10. p. 120.) Becker (Handb. p. 585) raises a diffi- culty about the situation of these gardens from a passage in Tacitus (Hist. iii. 82), which, however, presents none if rightly understood. The Flavian troops which had penetrated to the gardens of Sallust on their left were those which marched on the Flaminian, not the Salarian, way, just as Nero is described as finding his way back to these gardens from the same road. (Tac. Ann. xiii. 49.) The Horti Sallustiani subsequently became im- perial property, though in what manner is unknown. The first notice which we find of them as such occurs under Nero in the passage just cited from Tacitus. Several emperors are described as residing in them, as Vespasian, Nerva, and Aurelian. (Dion Cass. Ixvi. 10; Vopisc. Aur. 49: Hieron. p. 445, Rone.) Also close to the Porta Collina, but inside and to the right of it, lay the Cajwpus Sceleuatus, im- ROMA. 831 mediately under the agger. The spot obtained its name from being the place where Vestal Virgins convicted of unchastity were buried alive ; for even in this frightful punishment they retained their privilege of being interred within the walls. Diony- sius attribittes the introduction of this mode of exe- cution to Tarquinius Prisons ; and, according to Livy, the first example of its application was in the case of Minucia, b. c. 348. Dionysius, however, calls the first vestal who suffered Pinaria. (Dionys. ii. 67, iii. 67; Liv. viii. 15; Pint. Num. 10.) The emperors appear to have shared with the vestals the privilege of intramural interment, al- though they did not always avail themselves of it. Indeed, according to Hieronymus (vol. i. p. 449 Rone.), Trajan was the only emperor buried within the walls; but this statement is certainly erroneous, since Domitian erected a magnificent mausoleum for the Flavian family somewhere between the gardens of Sallust and the spot subsequently occupied by the baths of Diocletian. It is the object mentioned under the name of " Gens Flavia " in the Notitia, and is alluded to in several epigrams of Martial, in one of which he designates it as being near liis own dwelling (v. 64. 5) : — " Tam vicina jubent nos vivere Mausolea, Quum doceant ipsos posse perire deos." (Cf. ix. 2 and 35; Stat. Silv. iv. 3. 18.) It was commonly called Templum Gentis Flaviae, as appears from Suetonius {Dom. 17); but the same passage shows it to have been a sepulchre also, since the ashes of Julia, the daughter of Titus, as well as those of Domitian himself, were deposited in it. (Cf. Becker, de Muris, Sec. p. 69.) It was erected on the site of the house in which Domitian was born, designated as being ad Malum Pu- NicuM (Suet. I)om. 1); which name occurs again in the Notitia, and could not, therefore, have been applied to the whole Region, as Preller supposes (Regionen, p. 69), but must have denoted some particular spot, perhaps a vicus, called after a pomegranate tree that grew there. We have already adverted to the importance attached to trees growing within the city. The only other object that remains to be noticed on the Quirinal is the Praetorian C^vmp, since the baths of Diocletian will be described under the proper head. We have related in the former part of this article that the Castra Praetoria were esta- blished in the reign of Tiberius outside the Porta Collina, to the eastward of the agger. They were arranged after the usual model of a Roman camp, and were enclosed within a brick wall, of which there are stiU some remains. (Canina, Indicaz. p. 194.) They were included within the wall of Aurelian, which preserved their outline. We need only add that the 6th Region of Augustus, of which the Esquiline formed the principal part, was culletl Alta Sejiita, from a road which ran along the whole back of the nill, answering to the modern Slrada di Porta Pia. The Pincian Hill presents but few objects of importance. Its earlier name was Collis Hor- torum, or Hortulorum, derived from the gar- dens which covered it; and it was not till a late period of the empire that it obtained the name of Mons Pincius, from a magnificent palace of the Pincian family which stood upon it. (Urliclis, Beschr. vol. iii. part, ii. p. 572, Rom. Top. p. 136.) This DoMus PiNciANA is rendered interesting from