Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/849

 EOJIA. through this last valley was called Vicus Longus, as we learn from the Anonymous of Einsiedlen, who mentions the church of S. Vitalis as situated " in vico longo." We find its name recorded in Livy (x. 2.3), and Valerius Maximus (ii. 5. § 6). Of the diflerent ancient divisions of the Collis Quirinalis and of the origin of its name, we have already spoken in the former part of this article. The Quirinal abounded in ancient fanes and temples. One of the earliest foundations of this sort was the Temple of Quirinus, erected by Numa to Romulus after his apotheosis. The first practical notice that we find of it is, however, in B. c. 435, when Livy (iv. 21) records a meeting of the senate in it ; a fact which shows that it must have been a considerable building. A new one was dedicated, probably on the same spot, by L. Papirius Cursor, b. c. 292. (Liv. x. 46 ; Plin. vii. 60.) This structure appears to have been burnt in b. c. 48, and we do not hear of its re-erection till B. c. 15, when Augustus rebuilt it, as recorded in the Monumentum Ancyranum, and by Dion Cassius (liv. 19). Yet in the interval between these dates we find it alluded to as still existing {Id. xliii. 45 ; Cic. ad Alt. xiii. 28), whence we may conclude that it had been only partially destroyed. Dion (liv. 19) describes the new structure of Augustus as having 76 columns, equalling the years which he had lived. Hence, it appears to have been the same building as that adduced by Vitruvius (iii. 2, 7) as an example of the dipteros octastylos ; for that kind of temple had a double row of columns all round; namely, two rows of 8 each at the front and back ; and, without count- ing the outside ones of these over again, two rows of 1 1 each at the sides (32 + 44 = 76). This noble portico appears to have been the same alluded to by Martial as the resort of the idlers of the vicinity (ix. 1. 9). Topographers are universally agreed that it was situated on the height over 5. Vitale in the neigh- bourhood of S. Andrea dei Noviziato. (Becker, Handh. p. 573 ; Urlichs, Beschr. iii. 2, 366 ; Ca- nina. Indie, p. 185.) There appears to have been also a Sacellusi Quirinalis near the Porta Col- lina. All the more interesting traditions respecting the Quirinal belong to the reign of Numa. One of the residences of that Sabine monarch was situated on this hill (Plut. Num. 14; Solin. i. 21), where he also founded a citadel, or capitol; and where his successor Tullus Hostilius, in pursuance of a vow made in the Sabine War, repeated, as it were in duplicate, Numa's peculiar institution of the Salian worship (Liv. i. 27; Dionys. ii. 70). All these things show very clearly the distinction between the Roman and Sabine cities during the reigns of the first monarchs. On the Quirinal, the Salian priests with their ancilia were attached to the worship of Quirinus, as, in the Romulean city, they were to that of Mars (" Quid de ancilibus vestris, Mars Gradive, tuque Quirine pater (loquar)?" Liv. v. 52); and the priests were called, by way of distinction, Salii Agonenses, or Collini, from the name of the hill (" In libris Saliorum quorum cognomen Ago- nensium," Varr. L.L. vi. § 14; cf.^Dionys. I.e., where^ however, he erroneously speaks of a x6(pos KoAAT^'os.) Next to the temple of Quirinus, proceeding in a westerly direction, as may be inferred from the order in which the objects are mentioned in the Curiosum (the Notitia somewhat differs), stood a Statue of Mamurius; and then, after an interval occupied in ROMA. 829 later times by the baths of Constantine, — the site of the present Pafesso Rospir/liosi, — followed the Vetus CjVpitolium, or citadel of Numa. Whether Mamurius was another name for JIamers, the Sabine god of war, of which, according to Varro {L. L. v. § 73), the Roman name of Mars was only a cor- ruption, or whether it was the name of the reputed maker of the ancilia (Paul. Diac. p. 131, Mlill.), matters but little; the statue is equally connected with the ancient Salian rites, and therefore one of the most venerable objects in the city. We find a Cuvus BLvMURi mentioned in the middle ages in the neighbourhood of S. Vitale (Anastas. V. Innoc. I. p. 64, Blanch.), which no doubt took its name from this statue; whence we may infer that it stood near the temple of Quirinus; since the chmxh of .S. Vitale and that of S. Andrea, where the temple stood, are close together. We have remarked in the former part of this article that the ancient Capitol of Numa probably stood on the height of Magnanapoli. It contained, like the Palatine before it and the Capitoline sub- sequently, a temple to the three divinities, Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, as we learn from Varro: " Clivos proximus a Flora .susus versus Capitolium vetus, quod ibi sacellum Jovis, Junonis, Minervae; et id antiquius quam aedis, quae in Capitolio facta" {L. L. V. § 158). Its site may be determined by that of another ancient sanctuary, the Temple of Flora. In the order of the Curiosum and Notitia that temple stands between the Capitolium Vetus and the temple (or temples) of Salus and Serapis. The temple of Salus must undoubtedly have been situated near the Porta Salutaris, which, as we have before remarked, took its name from that sanctuary ; and we must consequently seek for the temple of Flora on the W. side of the Quirinal, or that which faced towards the Campus IMartius. That it stood on this side is confirmed by what Martial says respecting the situation of his house, which, as we learn from one of his epigrams, lay near the temple of Flora (v. 22. 2):— " Sed Tiburtinae sum proximus accola pilae Qua videt antiquum rustica Flora Jovem." (Cf. VI. 27.) From which we also learn that the temple of Flora could not have been very far from that of .Jupiter in Numa's Capitol; as indeed likewise appears from the passage of Varro before quoted, with the addition that it must have lain on a lower part of the hill. But as Jlartial's house is thus shown to have been near the temple of Flora, so also that it was on the W. side of the hill appears from another epigram (i. 108. 2): — " At mea Vipsanas spectant coenacula lauras Factus in hac ego sum jam regione senex.'' It can hardly be doubted that this passage contains an allusion to some laurel trees growing near the Portions Vipsania, erected, as will appear in a sub- sequent section, near the Via Lata by Agrippa, whoso family name was Vipsanius. This portico is plainly alluded to in another pa,s.sago of Martial (iv. 18), under the name of Vipsaniae Colunmae. There is nothing surprising in Martial's indicating a locality by certain trees. In ancient Rome trees were noted objects, and claimed a considerable share of public attention, as we have already seen with regard to several that grew in or about the forum. Two laurel trees grew before the imperial palace (Tert. Aj)ol. 35) ; and in front of the temple of Quirinus