Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/835

 ROJIA. having been the temp7e of Pudicitia Patricia, it might be objected that there was in fact no such temple, and that we are to assume only a statue with an altar (Sachse, Gesch. d. S.Rom, i. p. 365). Yet, as Becker remarks {Handh. p. 480, note 100), Livy himself (x. 23) not only calls it a sacellum, a name often applied to small temples, but even in ROMA. 815 the same chapter designates it as a templum (" Quum se Virginia, et patriciam et pudicam in Patriciae Pudicitiae templum ingressam vero gloriaretur ") ■ and Propertius (ii. 6. 25) also uses the same ap- pellation with regard to it. On the other hand some have fixed on S. Maria in Cosmedin as the site of this temple, but with little appearance of TEMPLK OF PUDICITIA PATEICIA. probability. Becker seeks in the church just named the temple of Fortuna built by Servius Tullius in the Forum Boarium. The church appears to have been erected on the remains of a considerable temple, of which eight columns are still perceptible, built into the walls. This opinion may be as pro- bable as any other on the subject; but as on the one hand, from our utter ignorance of the site of the temple, we are unable to refute it, so on the other we must confess that Becker's long and laboured argument on the subject is far from being convincing {Handb. p. 481, seq.). The site of the Tempi.e of Mater Matuta is equally uncertain. All that we know about it is that it was founded by Servius Tullius, and restored by Camillus after the conquest of Veii (Liv. v. 17), and that it lay somewhere on the Forum Boarium (Ovid, Fast. vi. 471). If we were inclined to conjecture, we should place both it and the temple of Fortuna near the northern boundary of that forum ; as Livy's description of the ravages occasioned by the fire in that quarter seems to indicate that they lay at no great distance within the Porta Carmentalis (xxiv. 47, xxv. 7). The later history of both these temples is unknown. In the Forum Boarium, near the mouth of the Cloaca Maxima, was also the place called Doliola, mentioned in the former part of this article as re- garded with religious awe on account of some sacred relics having been buried there, either during the attack of the Gauls, or at a still more ancient period. (Liv. V. 40; Varr. L.L. v. § 157, Miill.) When =^^P-^ CLOACA MAXIMA. the Tiber is low, the mouth of the Cloaca Maxima may be seen from the newly erected iron bridge con- necting the Ponte Rotto with the left bank. The place called Ad Busta Gallica where it is said that the bodies of the Gauls were burnt who died during or after the siege of the Capitol, has also been assumed to have been in this neighbourhood because it is mentioned by Varro {lb.) between the Aequimelium and the Doliola (cf. Liv. v. 48, xxii. 14). But such an assumption is altogether arbitrary, as Varro follows no topographical order in naming places. Lastly, we shall mention two objects named in the Notitia, which seem to have stood on the Forum Boarium. These are the Apollo Coelispex, and the Hercules Olivarius, apparently two of those sta- tues which Augustus dedicated in the different Vici. Becker {Handb. p. 493) places them in the Vela- brum, and thinks that the epithet of Olivarius was derived from the oil-market, which was established in the Velabrum (Plant. Capt. iii. 1. 29), but it seems more probable that it denoted the crown of olive worn by Hercules as Victor (Preller, Regionen, p. 194). The Forum Boarium was especially devoted to the worship of Hercules, whence it seems probable that his statue stood there; besides both that and the Apollo are mentioned in the Notitia in coming from the Porta Trigemina, before the Velabrum. Before we quit the Forum Boarium we must advert to a barbarous custom of which it appears to liave been the scene even to a late period of Roman history. Livy relates that after the battle of Cannae a Gallic man and woman and a Greek man and woman were, in accordance with the commands of the Sibylline books, buried alive in a stone sepulchre constructed in the middle of the Fonxm Boarium, and that this was not the first time that this bar- barous and un-Roman custom had been practised (xxii. 57). Dion Cassius adverts to the same in- stance in the time of Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (Fr. Vales. 12), and Pliny mentions another which had occurred even in his own time (" Boario vero in foro Graecum Graecamque defossos, aut aliarum gentium, cum quibus tum res esset, ctiam nostra aetas vidit," XJiviii. 3; cf. Plut. Q. R. 83). It may also be remarked that the first exhibition