Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/815

 KOJIA. The Arcus Tieerii, another triumphal arch, dedicated to Tiberius, was erected at the foot of the Chvus CapitoHiius near the temple of Saturn, in commemoration of the recovery of the Roman stand- ards lost with the army of Varus. (Tac. An7i. ii. 41.) Tiberius also restored the temple of Castor in the name of himself and of his brother Drusus, as well as the temple of Concord, as we have before had oc- casion to remark. Under the following emperors down to the time of Domitian we do not read of many alterations on the forum. The fire of Nero seems to have chiefly de- stroyed its lower part, where the temple of Vesta and the Ilegia lay ; the upper portion and the Capitol appear to have escaped. The Curia Julia was probably burnt down in the fire which occurred in the reign of Titus ; at all events it was certainly re- built by Domitian. The celebrated Statue of Vic- tory, consecrated in the curia by Augustus, appears, li.'wever, to have escaped, since Dion Cassius ex- ->ly says that it existed in his time, and we find mentioned even later. (Suet. Aug. 100; Dion Cass. h. 22; Herodian, v. 5.), It was this statue, or more correctly perhaps the altar which stood be- f<ji-e it, that occasioned so warm a contention between the Christian and heathen parties in the senate in the time of Theodosius and Valentinian II., the iicr being led by Ambrosius, the latter by Sym- hus, the praefectus urbi. (Symmach. Epist. x. cf. Ambros. Epist. ad calceni Symm. ed. Par. . 740, ii. pp. 473,482; Gibbon, Decline and '', vol. iii. p. 409, seq., ed. Smith.) Ambrose is I to have obtained its removal ; though this, haps, relates only to the altar, since the statue 1, mentioned by Claudian as still existing in the Miic of Honorius. (Z>e VI. Cons. Hon. v. 597): — " Adfuit ipsa suis ales Victoria templis Eomanae tutela togae: quae divite penna Patricii reverenda fovet sacraria coetus." Ditmitian had a peculiar predilection for two iloities, Janus and Minerva. He erected so many
 * i-chways all over the city that an ancient pasquin-

lo, in the form of a Greek pun, was found in- iihed upon one of them; " Janos arcusque cum icilrigis et insignibus triumphorum per Regiones urhis tantos ac tot extruxit ut cuidam Graece in- ' riptum sit, apKiV (Suet. Dam. 13; cf. Dion iis. Ivii. 1.) Among other temples of Minerva is said by some authorities to have erected one . the forum between those of Vesta and Castor. ( lucker, Ucmdb. p. 356.) But there seems to have ( 111 hardly room for one at this spot; and, as we I e before remarked, the Notitia Aoqs not mention i. Domitian also built, in honour of his father 1 brother, the Temple of Vespasi.vn and . Its, next to the temple of Concord. The three liunns on the Clivus Capitolinus most probably iii'Knig to it. The opinion that the eight Ionic ' ilumns are remains of this temple has been already i^fussed. Such was the state of the forum when the colossal I r<|iiestrian Statue of Domitian was erected on it j iirar the Lacus Curtius. Statins (5i7me i. 1) has written a small poem on this statue, and his descrip-
 * i of it affords many interesting topographical

rticulars, which fully confirm what has been already said respecting the arrangement of the thrum: — " Quae superimposito moles geminata colosso Stat Latiuui complexa forum? coelonc peractum ROMA. 795 Flnsit opns? Siculis an conformata caminis Effigies, lassum Steropem Brontemque reliquit? Par operi sedes. Hinc obvia limina pandit, Qui fessus bellis, adscitae munere prolis, Primus iter nostris ostendit in aethera divis. At laterum passus hinc Julia tecta tuentur Illinc belligeri sublimis regia PauUi. Terga pater blandoque videt Concordia vultu. Ipse autem puro celsum caput aere septus Templa superfulges, et prospectare videris An nova contemptis surgant palatia flammis Pulcrius; an tacita vigilet face Troicus ignis Atque exploratas jam laudet Vesta ministras," &c. The statue, therefore, must have faced the east, with the head slightly inclined to the right, so as to behold the temple of Vesta and the Palatine. Di- rectly in front of it rose the temple of Divus Julius; on the right was the Basilica Julia, on the left the Basilica Aemilia; whilst behind, in close juxta- position, were the temples of Concord and of Vespa- sian and Titus. The site of the statue near the Lacns Curtius is indicated in the poem (v. 75, seq.). The next important monument erected on the forum after the time of Domitian appears to have been the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, considerable remains of which still exist before and in the walls of the modern church of S. Lorenzo in Miranda. It stood at the eastern extremity of the N. side of the fonim. These remains, which are now sunk deep in the earth, consist of the pronaos or vestibule, composed of eight columns of cipoUino marble supporting an architrave, also part of the cella, built of square blocks of piperino. The archi- trave is ornamented with arabesque candelabra and griffins. On the front the inscription is still legible : — Divo. antonino. et DIVAE. FAVSTINAE. EX. S. C. TEMPLE of ANTONINUS AND FAUSTINA. But as a temple was decreed both to Antoninus Pius and his wife, the elder Faustina (Capitol. Anton. P. c. 6, 13), and to the younger Faustina, their daughter {lb. c. 26), and as divine honours were also rendered after his death to JI. Aurelius Antoninus, the husband of the latter, it becomes doubtful to which pair the temple is to be referred (Nibby, Foro Horn. p. 183). It seems, however, most probable that it was dedicated to Antoninus Pius and the elder Faustina. It is stated by Pirro Ligorio (ap. Canina, Foro Rmn. p. 192) that in the excavations made here in 1547, the basis of a