Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/790

 "70 EOJIA. hill than the ansuraculum, and probably near its declivity. The buildins of it by Marius is testifieil by Vitravius (iii. 2, 5), and from an inscription (Orelli, 543) it appears to have been erected out of the spoils of the Cinibric and Teutonic war. We learn from Cicero that this was the temple in which the first senatus consultuni was made decreeing his recall. {Scst. 54, PImic. 32, de Div. i. 28.) We have already had occasion to allude to the temple erected by Augustus to Jupiter Tonans. Like that of Fortune it must have stood on the SW. height and near the top of the ascent by the Clivus, as appears from the following story. Augustus dreamt that the Capitoline Jove appeared to him and eonii)lained that the new temple seduced away his worsliippers ; to which having answered that the Jupiter Tonans had been merely placed there as his janitor or porter, he caused some bells to be hung on the pediment of the latter temple in token of its janitorial character. (Suet. Aug. 91.) That the same emperor al-o erected a temple to Mars Ultor on the Capitoline, besides that in his forum, seems very doubtful, and is testified only by Dion Cassius (Iv. 10). Domitian, to commemorate his preservation during the contest with the Vitellians, dedicated a sacellum to Jupiter Conservator, or the Preserver, in the Velabrum, on the site of the house of the aedituus, or sacristan, in which he had taken refuge; and afterwards, when he bad obtained the purple, a large temple to Jupiter Gustos on the Capitoline, in which he was represented in the bosom of the god. (Tac. //. iii. 74; Suet. Dom. 5.) We also hear of a temple of Beneficence (Ebipyeaia) erected by M. Aurelius. (Dion, Ixxi. 34.) But one of the most important temples on the SW. summit or Arx was that of Juno JIoneta, erected, as we have said, in pursuance of a vow made by Camillus on the spot where the house of M. Slanlius Capitolinus had stood. (Liv. vii. 28.) The name of Woneta, however, seems to have been con- ferred upon the goddess some time after the dedica- tion of the temple, since it was occasioned by a voice heard from it after an earthquake, advising (monens) that expiation should be made with a pregnant sow. (Cic. de Div. i.45.) The temple was erected in b. c. 345. The Eoman mint was subsequently established in it. (Liv. vi. 20; cf. Suidas, iHovrira.') It was 'rebuilt B. c. 173. (Liv. xlii. 7.) Near it, as we have before endeavoured to establish, must be placed the temple of Concord erected by Camillus and re- stored by Tiberius; as well as the other smaller temple to the same deity, of no great renown, de- dicated during the Second Tunic War, b. c. 217. (Liv. xxii. 33.) Such were the principal temples which occupied the summit of the Capitoline hill. But there were also other smaller temples, besides a multitude of statues, sacella, monuments, and oflerings. Among these was the temple of Vejovis, which stood in the place called " inter duos lucos " between tiie Capitol and theTarpeian height. An ara Jovis Pistoris and aedes VenerisCalvae must also be reckoned among tliem. (Ovid. F. vi. 387; Lactant. i. 20.) Among the statues may be mentioned those of the Rojian Kings in the temple of Fides (App. B. C.. 16 ; Dion,xliii.45), and on the hill the two colossal statues of Apollo and Jupiter. The former of these, which w;is 30 cubits high, was brought by M. Lucullus from Apollonia in Pontus. Tlie Jupiter was made by Sp. Carvilius out of the armour and helmets of the conquered Samnites, and was of such a size that R05IA. it could be seen from the temple of Jupiter Latiaris on the Alban llount. (Plin. xxxiv. 18.) It would be useless to run through the whole list of objects that might be made out. It will suihce to say that the area Capitolina was so crowded with the statues of illustrious men that Augustus was compelled to re- move many of them into the Campus Martius. (Suet. Cal. 34.) We know only of one profane building on the summit of the Capitoline hill — the Tabularium, or record office. We cannot tell the exact site of the original one; but it could not have stood far from the Capitoline temple, since it appears to have been burnt down together with the latter during the civil wars of Sulla. Polyhius (iii. 26) mentions the earlier one, and its burning, alluded to by Cicero (^N. D. iii. 30, pro liahir. Perd. 3), seems to have been effected by a private hand, like that of the Capitol itself. (Tac. Hist. iii. 72.) When rebuilt by Q. Lutatius Catulus it occupied a large part of the eastern side of the depression between the two sum- mits of the Capitoline, behind the temple of Concord, and much of it still exists under the Palazzo Sena- torio. In the time of Poggio it was converted into a salt warehouse, but the inscription recording that it was built by Catulus, at his own expense (de suo) was still legible, though nearly eaten away by the saline moisture. {De Variet. Fort. lib. i. p. 8.) This inscription, which was extant in the time of Nardini, is also given by him {Rom. Ant. ii. p. 300) and by Grater (clxx. 6; cf. Orell. 31), with slight variations, and shows that the edifice, as rebuilt by Catulus, must have lasted till the latest period of the Empire. It is often called aerarium in Latin authors. TLiv. iii. 69 &c.) arch of tabui^rium. We shall now proceed to consider some of the most remarkable spots on the hill and its declivities. And first of the Asylum. Becker {Ilandb. p. 387) assumes that it occupied the whole depression between the two sunnnits, and that this space, which by modern topographers has been called by the un- classical name of Intermontium, was called " inter duos lucos." But here his authorities do not bear him out. Whether the whole of this space formed the original asylum of Romulus, it is impossible to say; but it is quite certain that this was not the asylum of later times. It would appear from the description of Dionysius (ii. 15) that in its original state (^f T<$T€, /c.T. A.) the grove may have extended from one summit to the other; but it does not appear that it occupied the whole space. It was convenient for Becker to assume this, on account of his inter- pretation of the passage in Tacitus respecting the