Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/76

 GO lOLAI, Caesarea is now identified, bej'ond all doubt, with the magnificent ruins at Zershell on the coast of Algier, in a little more than 2° E. long. The Arabic name is simply an abbreviation of Caesarea lol ; a fact clear to the intuitive sagacity of Shaw, and which, in connection with the statements of the ancients, led that incomparable traveller to the truth. Unfortunately, however, nearly all sub- sequent writers preferred to follow the thick-headed Mannert, who was misled by an error in the An- tonine Itinerary, whereby all the places along this coast, for a considerable distance, are thrown too far to the W. ; until the researches which followed the French conquest of the country revealed inscriptions which set the question at rest for ever. There exist few stronger examples of that golden rule of criti- cism : — " Ponderanda sunt testimonia, non nuvie- randa." (Shaw, Travels, vol. i. pt. 1. c. 3 ; Barth, Wanderungen, p. 56 ; Pellissier, in the Exploration Scientljique deVAlgerie, vol. vi. p. 349.) [l*- S.] lOLAI or lOLAENSES ("loAaoi, Fans.; 'lo- Xdfioi, Diod. ; 'loAaetj, Strab. v. p. 225), a people of Sardinia, who appear to have been one of the indigenous or native tribes of the island. According to Strabo, they were the same people who were called in his day Diagesbians or Diagebrians (Aia- y7]§pe7i or Aia77jfr§e?s), a naine otiicrwise unknown: and he adds that they were a Tyrrhenian people, a statement in itself not improbable. The connnonly received tradition, however, represented them as a Greek race, composed of emigrants from Attica and Thespiae, who had settled in the island under the command of lulaus, the nephew of Hercules. (Pans. X. 17. § 5 ; Diod. iv. 30, v. 15.) It is evident that this legend was derived from the resemblance of the name (in the form which it assumed accord- ing to the Greek pronunciation) to that of lolaus : what the native form of the name was, we know not ; and it is not mentioned by any Latin author, though both Pauanias and Diodorus affirm that it was still retained by the part of the island which had been inhabited by the lolai. Hence, modern writers have assumed that the name is in reality the same with that of the Ilienses, which would seem probable enough ; but Pausanias, the only writer who mentions them both,_ expressly dis- tinguishes the two. That author speaks of Olbia, in the NE. part of the island, as one of their chief towns. Diodorus represents them, on the contrary, as occupying the phiins and most fertile portions of the island, while the district adjoining Olbia is one of the most rugged and mountainous in Sar- dinia. [E. H. B.] lOLCUS ('IwA/cJy, Ep. 'IocdAko's, Dor. 'IuAkos: Eth. 'liiXKtos, fern. 'l£o/ci'j, 'IcoAicias), an ancient city of Magnesia in Thessaly, situated at the head of the Pagasaean gulf and at the foot of Mt. Pelion (Pind JVem. iv. 88), and celebrated in the heroic ages as the residence of Jason, and the place where the Argonauts assembled. [See Diet, of Biogr.axXt. Jason and Akgonautae.] It is mentioned by Homer, who gives it the epithets of iVKTtfi4vri and evpvxopos {II. ii. 712, Od. si. 256). It is said to have been founded by Cretheus (Apollod. i. 9. § 1 1), and to have been colonised by Minyans from Orchomenos. (Strab. ix. p. 414.) lolcus is rarely mentioned in historical times. It was given by the Thessalians to Hippias, upon his expulsion from Athens. (Herod, v. 94.) The town afterwards suf- fered from the dissensions of its inhabitants, but it was finally ruined by the foundation of Demetrias in IONIA. B. c. 290, when the inhabitants of lolcos and of other adjoining towns were removed to this place. (Strab. ix. p. 436.) It seems to have been no longer in ex- istence in the time of Strabo, since he speaks of the place where lolcos stood (6 t'^s 'IwAkuO rciiroy, ix. p. 438). The position of lolcos is indicated by Strabo, who says that it was on the road from Boebe to Deme- trias, and at the distance of 7 stadia from the latter (ix. p. 438). In another passage he says that lolcos is situated above the sea at the distance of 7 stadia from Demetrias (ix. p. 436). Pindar also, as we have already seen, places lolcos at the foot of Mt. Pelion, consequently a little inland. From the.'-e descriptions there is little doubt that Leake is right in placing lolcos on the steep height between the southernmost houses of Voh and Vlakho-malcliuld, upon which stands a church called Episkopi. There are at present no ancient remains at this place; but some large squared blocks of stone are said to have formerly existed at the foot of the height, and to have been carried away for the construction of build- ings elsewhere. IIoreover, it is the only spot in the neighbourhood which has any appearance of being an ancient site. It might indeed appear, from Livy (xliv. 12, 13), that lolcus was situated upon the coast ; but in this passage, as well as in Strabo (ix. p. 436), the name of lolcos seems to have been given to this part of the coast as well as to the city itself. (Leake, Xorthern Greece, vol. iv. p. 379; Mezicres, Memoire sur le Pelion et TOssa, p. 11.) JOMANES (Plin. vi. 17. s. 21), the most im- portant of the affiueiits of the Ganges, into which it fliAvs near the city of Allahabad (Pratishthana). There can be no doubt that Arrian means the same river when he speaks of lobares {Ind. c. 8) ; and Ptolemy expresses nearly the same .sound, when he names the Diamuna (vii. 1. § 29). It is now called the Jamuna or Jumna. The Jumna rises in the highest part of the Himalaya, at no great dis- tance from the sources of the Sutledge and Ganges, respectively, in the neighbourhood of lamundrotdri {Jumnotri), which is probably the most sacred spot of Hindu worship. It enters the Indian plain country at Fyzahad, and on its way to join the Ganges it passes the important cities oi Dehli (In- diaprastha) and Agra (Crishmapura), and receives several large tribuUiries. The.se affluents, in order from W. to E., are the Sambus (Arrian, Ind. c. 4), (probably the Carmanvati or Cambal), the Bctwa (or Vetravati), and the Cainas (Arrian, I.e.; Plin. vi. 19. s. 21 : now Guyana or Cena'). The last has been already mentioned as one of the tributaries of the Ganges. [V.] lOMNIUM. [JIauretania.] ION ("loij'), a river of Tymphaea in Thessaly, rising in the Cambunian mountains, and flowing into the Peneius: now river of Krdtzova. (Strab. vii. p. 327, Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv p. 546.) ION JIONS. [Libya.] lONES. [loKiA.] lO'NIA ('lajfia), also called lonis, the country of Asia Minor inhabited by Ionian Greeks, and com- prising the western coast from Phocaea in the north to Miletus in the south. (Herod, i. 142; Strab. xiv. init.; Plin. v. 31.) Its length from north to south, in a straight line, amounted to 800 stadia, while the length of its much indented coast amounted to 3430; and the distance from Ephesus to Smyrna, in a straight line, was only 320 stadia, while along the coast it reached the large number of 2200. (Strab.