Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/759

 ROMA. suburb lying outside of that gate, to the E. of the baths of Antoninus. It contained 10 Vici, and among its principal objects were, the temple of Wars, the arch of Drusus, and the sepulchre of the Scipios. Regio II., or Caelimontana, lay to the N. of this, and comprehended the whole extent of the Caelian hill. It had 7 Vici, and among its monu- ments may be mentioned the Arcus Dolabellae and tiie aqueduct of Nero. liegio III., called his and Serapis, lay to the N. of the Caelimontana, and embraced the valley of the Colosseum, and that southern portion of the Esquiline anciently known as Mons Oppius. It comprehended 12 Vici, and its principal objects were the baths of Titus and the Flavian amphitheatre or Colosseum. Reffio IV., called Templum Pads and Sacra Via, was situated to the W. of that of Isis and Serapis, and compre- hended the Velian ridge and the greater part of the valley between the Palatine, Esquiline, Viminal, and Quirinal, to the exclusion, however, of that western portion which lay immediately under the Capitoline. Yet it embraced the buildings on the N. side of the forum, including the temple of Faustina, the Basilica Paulli, and the Area Vul- cani. Its eastern boundary ran close to the Colos- seum, since it included the Colossus and the Meta Sudans, both which objects stood very near that build- ing. Its principal monuments, besides those already mentioned, were the temple of Venus and Rome, and the basilica of Constantine. It embraced the Subura, the greater portion of the Sacra Via, and the Forum Transitorium, and contained 8 Vici. liegio v., or Esquilina, included the northern por- tion of the Esquiline (Mons Cispius) and the Vi- minal, besides a vast tract of suburbs lying to the E. of the Servian walls and agger. Thus it ex- tended so far as to embrace the Amphitheatrum Castrense, which adjoins the modern church of S. Croce in Gerusalevime, and the so-called temple of Minerva Medica, near the Porta Maggiore. It had 15 Vici, and among its remaining principal objects were the gardens of Maecenas, the arch of Gallienus, and the Nymphaeum of Alexander Sevei-us. Regio VI., called Alta Semita, embraced the Quirinal, and extended to the E. so as to include the Praetorian camp. It had 17 Vici, and its chief objects were the baths of Diocletian, the house and gardens of Sallubt, and the ancient Capitol. Regio VII., or Via Lata, was bounded on the E. by the Quirinal, on the N. by the Pincian, on the S. by the Servian wall between the Quirinal and Capitoline, and on the W. by the road called Via Lata till it joined the Via Flaminia — a point which cannot be accurately ascer- tained. The Via Lata was the southern portion of the modern Corso, and probably extended to the N. nearly as far as the Anlonine column. The Region comprehended 15 Vici. Being without the Servian walls, part of this district was anciently a burying place, and the tomb of Bibulus is still extant. Regio VI II., or Forum Romanum Magnum, was one of the most important and populous in Rome. The ancient forum obtained the name of " Slagnum " after the building of that of Caesar. (Dion Cass, xliii. 22.) This Region, which formed the central point of all the rest, embraced not only the ancient foium, except the buildings on its N. side, but also the imperial fora, the Capitoline hill, and the valley between it and the Palatine as far as the Velabrum. It contained 34 Vici, among which were the densely populated ones Jugarius and Tuscus. The monu- ments ill this district are so numerous and well ROSIA. 739 known that it is unnecessary to specify them. Regio IX, called Circus Flamini^is, comprehended the district lying between the Via Lata on the E., the Tiber on the W., the Capitoline hill and Servian wall on the S. ; whilst on the N. it seems to have extended as far as the present Piazza Navona and Piazza Colonna. It contained 35 Vici, and among its objects of interest may be named the circus from which it derived its name, the three theatres of Balbus, Pompey, and Marcellus, the Pantheon, and many other celebrated monuments. The Campus Martins, or northern part of the area between the hills and the Tiber, was not comprehended in any of the 14 Regions. Regio X., or Palatium, consisted of the Palatine hill and its declivities. It had 20 Vici. Its boundaries are so well marked that we need not mention its numerous and well- known monuments till we come to describe its topography. Regio XL, or Circus Maximvs, de- rived its name from the circus, which occupied the greater part of it. It comprehended the valley be- tween the Palatine and Aventine, and also appa- rently the northern declivities of the latter hill, as far as the Porta Trigemina. On the N., where it met the Region of the Forum Romanum, it seems to have included the Velabrum. It contained 19 Vici according to the Notitia, 21 according to the Curio- sum,. Regio XII., called Piscina Puhiica, was bounded on the W. by the Aventine, on the N. by the Caelian, on the E. by Regio I. or Po7-ta Cttpena, and on the S. it probably extended to the line of the Aurelian walls. It had 17 Vici, and its most re- markable monument was the baths of Caracalla. Regio XII I., or Aventinus, included that hill and the adjoining banks of the Tiber. It had 17 Vici according to the A^otitia, 18 according to the Curio- sum. Regio XIV., Transtiberina, or Transtiherim , comprehended all the suburb on the W., or right bank of the Tiber, including the Vatican, the Jani- culum with the district between them and the river, and the Insula Tiberina. This, therefore, was by far the largest of all the Regions, and co-tained 78 Vici. 3Iunicipal Regulations of Augustus. — All these Regions were under the control of magistrates chosen annually by lot. (Suet. Aug. 30.) The govern- ment of the Regions was not corporative, like that of the Vici, but administrative ; and one or more Regions seem to have been intrusted to a single magistrate chosen among the aediles, tribunes, or praetors. (Preller, Regionen, p. 77.) The su- preme administration, however, was vested in the Praefectus Urbi. At a later period other officers were interposed between the praefect and these governors. Thus the Basis Capitulina mentions a Curator and Denunciator in each Region. Subse- quently, however, the latter office seems to have been abolished, and the Notitia and Curiostim men- tion two curators in each Region. There were also subordinate officers, such as jn-aecones or criers, and a number of imperial slaves, or libertini, were ap- pointed to transact any necessary business concerning the Regions. (Preller, p. 79.) One of the chief objects of Augustus in esta- blishing these Regions seems to have been cini- nected with a reform of the city p>lice. For this purpose he established 7 Cohortes Vigilum, whose stations were so disposed that each cohort might be available for two Ivcgions. Each was under the command of a triliune, and the whole was superin- tended by a Praefectus Vi^jilum. (Suet. Aug. 30; 3b 2