Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/75

 INTEROCIJEA. I. 163) laid open the W. coast of tliis sea. Dining the period of the Konian Universal Empire, the Mediterranean was the lake of the imperial city. Soon after the conclusion of the First Mithridatic War, piracy, which has always existed from the ear- liest periods of histoiy to the present day in the Grecian waters, was carried on .systematically by larpe armies and fleets, the strongliolds of which were Cilicia and Crete. From these stations the pirates directed their expeditions over the greater part of the Mediterranean. (Appian, Bell. Millir. 92; I'lut. Pump. 24.) I'iracy, crushed by Poin- peius, was never afterwards carried on so extensively as to merit a place in history, but was not entirely extirpated even by the fleet which the Koman em- perors maintained in the East, and that cases still occurred is proved by inscriptions. (Boikh, Co7-p. Tnscr. Grace, nn. 2.335, 2347.) The Ixomans despised all trade, and the Greeks, from the time of Hadrian, their great patron, till the extinction of the Eoman power in the East, possessed the largest share of the commerce of the RIediterranean. Even after the Jloslem conquests, the Arabs, in spite of the various expeditions which they fitted out to attack Constantinople, never succeeded in forming a niaritime power; and their naval strength declined Vi-ith the numbers and wealth of their Christian subjects, until it dwindled into a few piratical squaiirons. The emperors of Constantinople really remained masters of the sea. On all points con- nected with this sea, see Admiral Smyth, The Me- diterranean, London, 1854. [E. B. J.] INTKKOCKEA ('Ivr^poKpfa, Strab.), a small town or village of the Sabines, between Amiternum and Keate. It was placed on the Via S;ilaria, at the junction of its two branches, one of which led c;ist- wards to Amiternum, the other, and principal one, up the valley of the Velinus, to Asculum. It is now called Antrodoco, and is a position of great military importance, from its commanding the entrance to the two passes just mentioned, which must in all ages have formed two of the principal lines of communi- cation across the Apennines. It seems, however, to liave been in ancient times but a small place : Strabo calls it a village ; and its name is othenvise found only in the Itineraries, which place it at 14 M. P. from Keate, a distance that coincides with the position of A ntrodoco. (Strab. v. p. 228 ; Itin. Ant. p. 307 ; Tab. Ptut.^ Its ancient name is evidently derived from its position in a deep valley between rugged mountains ; for we learn from Festus (p. 181, ed. Jliill.) that Ocris was an ancient word for a moun- tain: and it is interesting to find tliis forni still preserved in the name of the Montague di Ocra, a lofty and rugged group of the Apennines, near AquUa. (Zaunoni, Carta del Regno di Kapoli, 3. foi.) [E. H. B.] INTERPROMIUM, a village of the JIarrucini, forming a station on the Via Claudia Valeria be- tween Corfinium and Teate. It is repeatedly men- tioned in the Itineraries, but the distances are variously given. (/?/«. .4?i<. pp. 102.310; Tah.Peut.) The line of the ancient highroad is, however, well ascertained, and the position of Interpromium is fixed by ancient remains, as well as mediaeval records, at a place on the right bank of the Aternus, just below the narrow gorge through which that river flows below PopoK. The site is now marked only by a tavern called the Osteria di S. Valentino, from the little town of that name on the hill above; it is distant 12 Roman miles from Corfinium (.9. PeUino) lOL. 59 and 13 from Teate (Chieti), or 21 from Pescara, at the mouth of the Aternus. (Holsten. N'ot. ad Cluv. p. 143; D'AnvilJe, Annli/se de Vltalie, p. 178; Romanelli, vol. iii. p. 117.) An inscription also mentions Interpromium under the name of Pa^us Interprominus (Orell. /nsc;-. 144; Romanelli, ;. c.); it is called " Interpromium vicus " in the Itinerary of Antoninus (p. 102), and was evidently a mere village, probably a dependency of Teate. [E. H. B.] INTI'BILI. 1. [EuiiTANi.] 2. A town of Hispania Baetica. near llliturgis, the scene of a battle gained by the Remans over the Carthaginians in the Second Punic War. (Liv. xxiii. 49 ; Fron- tin. Stratag. iii. 3.) [P. S.] INUI CASTRUJI. rCA.STRUM Inui.] INYCUM or LNVCUS C^vvkov, Steph. B., but T}''lvvKos, Herod.: P(/i. 'IvvkIvos'), a town of Sicily, situated in the SW. of the island, on the river llypsas. It is principally known from its connection with the mythical legends concerning Minos and Daedalus; the capital of the Sicanian prince Cocalus, who aff'orded a shelter to the fugitive Daedalus against the Cretan monarch, being placed by some writers at Inycum, and by others at Camicus. (Pans, vii. 4. § 6; Charax, ap. Steph. B. v. Ko/ii/ciiy.) It is mentioned in historical times by Herodotus as the jilace of confinement to which Scythes, the ruler of Zancle, was sent by Hippocrates, who had taken him prisoner. (Herod, vi. 23, 24.) Aelian, who copies the narrative of Herodotus, represents Scythes as a native of Inycum ; but this is probably a mis- take. (Ael. F. //. viii. 17.) Plato speaks of Inycum as still in existence in his time, but quite a small place (^oip'iov Tzdw (TixiKpdv) ; notwithstanding which he makes the sophist Hi]ipias boast that he had derived from it a sum of 20 minae. (Plat. Eipp, M. p. 282, e.) It is evident that it always continued to be an inconsiderable place, and was probably a me;e dependency of Selinus. Hence we never again meet with its name, though Stephanus tells us that this was still preserved on account of the excellence of its wine. (Steph. B. s. v. "Ivvkov ; Hesych. 5. v.) Vibius Sequester is the only author that affijrds any clue to its position, by telling us that the river Hypsas (the modem Belici) flowed by it (Vib. Sequest. p. 12, according to Cluver's emeu dation) ; but further than this its site cannot be determined. [E. H. B.] lOBACCHI. [Marmaeica.] lOL, afterwards CAESARE'A ('Itt) KaKTapsia, Ptol. ii 4. § 5 ; t) Kaiadpeia, Strab., &c.), ori- ginally an obscure Phoenician settlement on the N. coast of Africa, became afterwards famous as the capital of Bocchus and of Juba II. [Mauretania.] The latter king enlarged and adorned the city, and gave it the name of Caesarea, in honour of his patron Augustus. Under the Romans it gave its name to the province of Mauretania Caesarieiisis, of which it was the capital. It was made a colony by the emperor Claudius. Under Valens it was burnt by the Jloors ; but it was again restored ; and in the 6th century it was a populous and flourishing city. It occupied a fiivcurable position midway be- tween Carthage and the Straits, and was conveniently situated with refe.ence to Spain, the Balearic islands, and Sardinia ; and it had a natural harbour, pro- tected by a small island. To the E. of the city stood the roysd mausoleum. (Strab. xvii. p. 831; Dion Cass. Ix". 9 ; Mela, i. 6. § 1 ; Pliii. v. 2. s. 1 ; Eutrop. vii. 5 ; Jtin. Ant. pp. 5, 15, 25, 31; Oros. vii. 33; Ammian. sxix. 5; Procoj). B. Vand. ii. 5.)