Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/726

 710 RHIPE. Kiver of Eijypt is Wady-el-Arish. The vilhige is situated on an eminence about half a mile from the sea, and is fur the most part enclosed within a wall of considerable thickness. There are some Eoman ruins, such as marble columns, &c., and a very fine well of good water. (Irby and Wangles, Travels, p. 174, October 7.) [G. W.] imiPE. [Enisi'e.] KHIPAEI MUNTES (ra 'Piiraia oprj), a name applied by Grecian fancy to a mountain chain whose peaks rose to the N. of the known world. It is probably connected with the word pi-rrai, or the chill rushing blasts of Bope'o?, the mountain wind or '• tramontana" of the Greek Archipelago, which was conceived to issue from the caverns of this mountain range. Hence arose the notion of the happiness of those living beyond these mountains — the only place exempt from the northern blasts. In fact they appear in this form of 'PiTrai', in Alcman (Fragm. p. 80, ed. Welcker), a lyric poet of the 7th century b. c, who is the first to mention them. The contemporary writers Damastes of Sigeum (aj). Steph. B. s. V. "t-KepSofiioi) and Hellanicus of Lesbos (ap. Clem. Alex. Strom, i. p. 305) agree in their statements in placing beyond the fabled tribes of the N. the Ehipaean mountains from which the north wind blows, and on the other side of these, on the sea-coast, the Hyperboreans. The legends connected with this imagined range of mountains lingered for a long period in Grecian literature, as may be seen from the statements of Hecataeus of Abdera (ap. Aelian. B. A. xi. 1) and Aristotle {Met. i. 1.3; comp. Soph. Oed. Col. 1248; Sehol. ad loc; Strab. vii. pp. 295, 299.) Herodotus knows nothing of the Ehipaean mountains or the Alps, though the positive geography of the N. begins with him. It would be an idle inquiry to identify the Ehipaean range with any actual chain. As the knowledge of the Greeks advanced, the geographical '"mythus" was moved further and further to the N. till it reached the 48th degree of latitude N. of the Maeotic lake and the Caspian, between the Don, the Volga, and the Jaik, where Europe and Asia melt as it were into each other in wide ] lains or steppes. These " moun- tains of the winds" followed in the train of the meteorological " mythus" of the Hyperboreans which wandered with Heracles far to tlie W. Geogra- phical discovery embodied the picture which the imagination had formed. Poseidonius (ap. Athen. vi. p. 223, d.) seems to have considered this range to be the Alps. The Eoman poets, borrowing from the Greeks, made the Ehipaean chain the extreme limit to the N. (Virg. Georg. i. 240; Propert. i. 6. 3; Sil. It. xi. 459); and Lucan (iii. 273) places the sources of the Tanais in this chain. (Comp. Mela, i. 19. § 18; Plin. iv. 24; Aram. Marc. xxii. 8. § 38; Procop. B. G. iv. 6; Sid. Apull. ii. 343; Joniand. Get. 16; Oros. i. 2.) In the earlier writers the form is Eipaei, but with Pliny and those who followed him the p becomes aspirated. In the geography of Ptolemy (iii. 5. §§ 15, 19) and Mar- cian (Peripl. § 39, ed. Didot) the Ehipaean chain appears to be that gently rising ground which divides the rivers which flow into the Baltic from those which run to the Euxine. [E. B. J.] EHISPIA ('PiffTTia), a place in Upper Pannonia, of uncertain site (Ptol. ii. 15. § 4; Orelli, In- script. n. 4991), though it is commonly identified with Czur. (ScLonwisner, Antiquitates Sahuriae, p. 41.) [L. S.] EH1THT.MXA QPievfxva), a town of Crete, which EHIZON. is mentioned by Ptolemy (iii. 17. § 7) and Pliny (iv. 20) as the first town on the N. coast to the E. of Amphimalla, and is spoken of as a Cretan city by Steph. B., in whose text its name is written Ehi- thymnia ('PtSi/juj/io : Eth. 'Pifliz/xciaTris, 'PiflJ^i'ioj). It is also alluded to by Lycophron (76). The modern Rhithymnos or Retimo retains the name of the ancient city upon the site of which it stands. Eckhel {Numi Vet. Anecdoti, p. 155; comp. Easche, vol. iv. pt. i. p. 1024) first assigned to Rhithymna its ancient coins; maritime emblems are found on them. (Pashley, Crete, vol. i. p. 101.) [E. B. J.] COIN OF RIIITHyMNA. EHIUM ('Pi'oj'). 1. A promontory in Achaia. [Vol.1, p. 13, a.] 2. A town in Messenia, in the Thuriate gulf, and also the name of one of the five divisions into which Cresphontes is said to have divided Jlessenia. (Strab. viii. pp. 360, 361.) Strabo describes Ehium as over against Taenarum (amvavTiov Taivapov), which is not a very accurate expression, as hardly any place on the western coast, except the vicinity of Cape Acritas, is in sight from Taenarum. (Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 459.) EHIUSIAVA. [RiusiAVA.] EHIZANA QVi^ava, PtoL vi. 21. § 2; 'Vi^ava, Slarcian, Peripl. i. § 33, ed. MUller), a town on the coast of Gedrosia, in the immediate neighbourhood of the most western mouth of the Indus. The diffe- rences between Ptolemy and Jlarcian with regard to distances do not seem here reconcileable. [V.] RHIZE'NIA ('PiCtji-io, Steph. B. s. v.), a town of Crete of which nothing is known ; there is an " eparkhi'a " now called Rhizo-kastron, but it is a mere guess to identify it with this. [E. B. J.] EHIZIUS ('PiC'os), a small coast river of Pontus, between the Iris and Acampsis, still bearing the name of Rizeh. (Arrian, Peripl. P. E. p. 7 ; Anonym. PeriiA. P. E. p. 12.) [L. S] EHIZON ('Pi'C'^J', Polyb. ii. 1 1 ; Strab. vii. p.-316 ; Liv. xlv. 26; Steph. B. s. v.; 'PtCd:'a, Ptol. ii. 17. § 12; Ehizinium, PUn. iii. 26; Eucimum, Geogr. Eav. V. 14; ad Zizio [ad Ehisio?], Peut. Tab.), a town of Dalmatia, situated upon a gulf which bore the name of Ehizoxicus Sinus {"Pt^oviKhs koAttos, Strab. vii. pp. 314,316; Ptol. ii. 17. § 5). Teuta, the Illyrian queen, took refuge in this her last stronghold, and obtained peiice upon the conqueror's terms. Scylax (p. 9) has a river Ehizus ('P(foi/s, comp. Polyb. I. c; Philo, ap. Steph. B. s. v. Bovddi)'), but this can be no other than the Bocche di Cattaro, celebrated for its grand scenery, which gives this gulf with its six mouths the appearance of an inland lake, and hence the mistake of Scylax, and Polybius, who says that Ehizon was at a distance from the sea. In Risano, standing on rising ground at the extremity of a beautiful bay that runs to the N. from Perasto, are remains of the Eoman colony. A Mosaic pavement and coins have been found there. Near Risano is a cavern from which a torrent runs in winter, and falls into the bay, but it is not known whether this be the Dalmatian cavern mentioned by Pliny (ii. 44). It is here that Cadmus is said to