Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/636

 €20 PIIOENICUS POETUS. Strab. I. c. ; Ptol. l. c. ; Stadiasm. I c), which is identi- fied with Ras Tanhiih, and Ras-al-Karuiis. [E.B.J.] PHOENI'CUS PORTUS (A.iju^fi' ^oiviKods). 1. A Jiarbour of Messenia, W. of the promontorj Acritas, and in front of the islands of Oenussae. It seems to be the inlet of the sea opposite the E. end of the island SIddza, which island is called by the Italians Capri, or Cabrera. (Pans. iv. 34. § 12; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 434.) 2. A harbour in the island of Cythera. [Vol. I. p. 738, b.] PHOENICU'.SA. [Aeoliae Insulae.] PHOENIX (oiVi|). 1. A river of Malis, flowing into the Asopus, S. of the latter, and at the distance of 15 stadia from Thermopylae. (Herod, vii. 198; Strab. is. p. 42S ; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 32.) 2. A river of Thessaly, flowing into the Apidanus. (Vibius Sequest. p. 16; Plin. iv. 8. s. 15; Lucan, vi. 374; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 515.) 3. A small river of Achaia. [Vol. I. p. 13, b.] PHOETEIAE. [Phytia.] PHOEZON. [Maxtinelv, p. 264, a.] PHOLEGAXUKOS {ioiyav^pos, Strab. x. p. 484, seq. ; Stepli. B. s. v.; ^oKeKavopos or ^eX6- KavSpos, Ptol. iii. 15. § 31: Eth. ^oeydv5pio^, ^oXiyavSplvos : Pohjkandro), an island in the Ae- gaean sea, and one of the smaller of the Cyclades, lying between Melos and Sicinos. It was said to have derived its name from a son of Minos. (Steph. B. s. v.) It was called the iron Pholegandros by Aratus, on account of its ruggedne.ss, but it is more fertile and better cultivated than this epithet would lead one to suppose. The modern town stands upon the site of the ancient city, of which there are only a few remains, upon the northern side of the island. (Ross, Reisen auf dm Grieck. Inseln, vol. i. p. 14G.) PHO'LOE. [Elis, p. 817.] PHO'RBIA. [Myconos.] PHOTICE (a>Ti/ci7), a city in Epeirus, mentioned only by later writers, was restored by Justinian. Procopius says that it originally stood in a marshy situation, and that Justinian built a citadel upon a neighbouring height. It is identified by Veld, in the ancient Jlolossis, which now gives title to a bishop, but there are no Hellenic remains at this place. (Procop. iv. .1 ; Hierocl. p. 652, with Wessehng's note; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 96.) PHRA (*pa, Isidor. Mans. Parth. c. 1 6), a town in Ariana, mentioned by Isidorus in his brief sum- mary of the principal stations between Mesopotamia and Arachosia. There can be little donbt that this place corresponds with the Ferrah or Furrah of modem times (Wilson, ^«a»a, p. 153), on the river called the Ferrah-rud. Ritter (viii. p. 120) has supposed that this is the same place which Ptolemy mentions by the name of Pharazana, in Drangiana (vi. 19. § 5); and Droysen (ii. p. 610) imagines that it is the same as the Phrada of Stephanus B., which was also a city of Drangiana. Both con- jectures are probable. [V.] PHRAATA (to ^paara, Appian. Parth. pp. 80, 99, ed. Schw.; Updaaira, Dion Cass. xlix. 25; Steph. B. s. v.; ^apda-Tra, Ptol. n. 2. § 10), a place in ancient Media, which seems to have served as a winter residence for the Parthian kings, and at the same time as a stronghold in the case of need. Its position is doubtful. Forbiger imagines that it is the same as the citadel described by Strabo, under the name of Vera (xi. p. 523); and there seems some PHRYGIA. ground for supposing that it is really the same place. If the name Phraata be the correct one, it is likely that it derived its name from Phraates. (Plut. Anton, c. 38.) (See Rawlinson On theAtro- patenian Ecbatana, R. Geog. Journ. vol. x. part 1, 1840.) [V.] PHRAGANDAE. [Maedi.] PHREATA (^peara), that is, the Wells, a place in the district of Garsauritis in Cappadocia. (Ptol. V. 6. § 14.) The name is an indication of the fact noticed by ancient writers, that the country had a scanty supply of water. (Wesseling, ad Hierocl. p. 700.) [L.S.] PHRrCIUM {^p'iKiov'), a mountain of Locris, above Thermopylae. (Strab. xiii. pp. 582, 62 1 ; Steph. B. s.v.) PHRICONIS. [Ctsie.] PHRIXA (*pi|a. Pans, et alii; ^pi^ai, Herod, iv. 148: Eth. ^pi^aios), a town of Tripliylia in Elis, situated upon the left bank of the Alpheius, at the distance of 30 stadia from Olympia. (Strab. viii. p. 343; Steph. B. s.v.) It was founded by the Minyae (Herod. 1. c), and its name was derived from Phaestus. (Steph. B. s. v. MaKurros.) Phrixa is rarely mentioned in history; but it shared the fate of the other Triphylian cities. (Comp. Xen. Hell. iii. 2. § 30; Polyb. iv. 77, 80.) Its position is determined by Pausanias, who says that it was situated upon a pointed hill, opposite the Leucanias, a tributary of the Alpheius, and at a ford of the latter river. (Paus. vi. 21. § 6.) This pointed hill is now called Paleofdnaro, and is a conspicuous object from both sides of the river, whence the city received the name of Phaestus in later times. (Steph. B.s. v ^aia-rds.) The city was in ruins in the time of Pausanias, who mentions there a temple of Athena Cydonia. Upon the summit oi" the hill there are still remains of Hellenic walls. (Leake, Morea, vol. ii. p. 210; Bob- laye, Recherches cfc. p. 136 ; Ross, Reisen im Peloponnes, p. 1 OS ; Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. ii. p. 90.) PHRIXUS ('I'pilos), a tributary of the Erasinus, in the Argeia. [Argos, p. 201, a.] PHRUDIS. [Fp.udis.] PHRURI {^povpoi), a Scythian people in Serica, described as cannibals. (Plin. vi. 17. s. 20; Dionys. Per. 752, and Eustath. ad loc.) PHRY'GIA (^pvyla: Eth. ^pvyes, Phryges),one of the most important provinces of Asia Minor. Its inhabitants, the Phrygians, are to us among the most obscure in antiquity, at least so far as their origin and nationality are concerned. Still, however, there are many indications which seem calculated to lead us to definite conclusions. Some regard them as a Thraciiin tribe (Briges or Bryges), who had immi- grated into Asia; others consider them to have been Armenians ; and others, again, to have been a mixed race. Their Thracian origin is mentioned by Strabo (vii. p. 295, X. p. 471) and Stephanus B. (s. v); and Herodotus (vii. 73) mentions a Macedonian tra- dition, according to which the Phrygians, under the name of Briges, were the neighbours of the Mace- donians before they migrated into Asia. This mi- gration, according to Xanthus (ap. Strab. xiv. p. 680), took place after the Trojan War, and accord- ing to Conon {ap. Phot. Cod. p. 130, ed. Bekk.) 90 years before that war, under king Midas. These statements, however, can hardly refer to an original migration of the Phrygians from Europe into Asia, but the migration spoken of by these authors seems to refer rather to the return to Asia of a portion of