Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/616

 600 rillLIPPI PROM. on the Egnatian road, 33 M. P. from Amphipolis, and 21 M. P. from Acontisma. (Itin. Anton. ; Itin. Hierosol.) The Theodosian Table presents two roads from Philippi to Heracleia Sintiea. One of the roads passed round the N. side of the hake Cercinitis, measurin,? 55 M. P., the other took the S. side of the lake, and measured 52 M. P. When Macedonia was divided into two provinces by Theodosius the Younjrer, Philippi became the ecclesiastical head of Macedonia Prima (Neale, Hist, of East Church, vol. i. p. 92), and is men- tioned in the Handbook of Hierocles. The site, where there are considerable remains of antiquity, is still known to the Greeks by its ancient name; by the Turks the place is called FelibedjiL For coins of Philippi, see Eckhel, vol.ii. p. 75. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. pp.215 — 223.) [E.B.J.] COIN OF PHILirPI. PHILIPPI PROM. (*iA.iV7rou &Kpa, Stadiasm. § 85), a headland on the coast of the Great Syrtis, identical with the Hippi Pkom. of Ptolemy (iv. 3. § U), and with the remarkable projection of high clitf into the sea. on which are traces of a strong fortress, at Ras Bcrgaioad. Beechey {Expedition to the N. Coast of Africa, p. 188) identifies this cliff, which he calls Bengerwad, with Euphrantas ; but this is a mistake, as is shown by Barth (Wander- ungen, p. 367), who refers the station Ad Turrem {Peut. Tab.) to this headland. [E. B. J.] PHILIPPO'POLIS. 1. (I'lAnrTrciTroA.is, Ptol. iii. 11. § 12 ; Polyb. V. 100; Steph. B. s. v.), a town of Tlirace, founded by Philip of Macedon, on the site of a previously existing town, called Eumolpias or Poneropolis. (Amm. Marc. xxvi. 10. § 4 ; Plin. iv. 1 1 . s. 18.) From its situation on a hill with three peaks or summits, it was also called Trimontium. (Plin. 1. c; Ptol. i. c.) It lay on the SE. side of the Hebras. The Thracians, however, regained possession of it (Polyb. I. c. Liv. xxxix. 53), and it remained in their hands till they were subdued by the Romans. Its size may be inferred from the fact of the Goths having slaughtered 100,000 persons in it (Amm. Marc. xxxi. .5. § 17), though doubtless many persons from the environs had taken refuge there. The assumption that it likewise bore the name of Hadrianopolis, rests only on an interpolation in Ptolemy. It is still called Philippopoli, and con- tinues to be one of the most considerable towns of Thrace. (Tac. Ann. iii. 38; Jtin. Ant. p. 136; Hierocl. p. 635.) [T.H.D.] 2. A city of Arabia, near Bostra, founded by the Roman emperor Philippus, who reigned A. d. 244 — 249 . and who was a native of Bostra. (Aurel. Vict. de Cues. 28 ; Cedrenus, p. 257, ed. Paris., vol. i. p. 451, ed. Bonn; Zonar. xii. 19.) Some writers suppose that Philippopolis was only a later name of Bostra, and it must be admitted that the words of Cedrenus and Zonaras are ambiguous ; but they are mentioned as two different places in the Councils. (Labbei, Concil. vol. viii. pp. 644, 675 ; Wesseling, ad Hierocl. p. 722.) PHILISTl'NL [Pat-aestina.] PHILOBOEO'TU'S {*to§oiwr6s), a fertile PHINOPOLIS. woody hill in the plain of Elatcia in Phocis, at the foot of which there was water. (Plut. Sull. 16.) This description, according to Leake, agrees with the remarkable insulated conical height between Bissikeni and the Cephissus. {Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 194.) PHILOCALEIA {•^iXoKaKeia), a town on the coast of Pontus Cappadocius, 90 stadia to the east of Argyria, and 100 to the west of Coralla. (Ar- rian, Peripl. Poiit. Exix. p. 17; Anonym. Perip)l. P. E. p. 13; Plin. vi. 4.) Cramer {Asia Minor, i. p. 283) is inclined to identify it with the modern Hdehou, about half-way between Keresoun and Trebizund, while Hamilton {Researches, i. p. 254) seeks its site near the promontory of Kara Bouroun, where a large river falls into the sea, which is more in accordance with Pliny's words. [L. S.] PHILOME'LIUM, PHlLOxME'LUM (*iAo|t^. Kiov: Eth. 4>iAo^7jAf us, Philomeliensis), a town in the south-eastern part of Phrygia, which perhaps derived its name from the number of nightingales found in the district. It was situated in a plain not far from the borders of Lycaonia, on the great road from Synnada to Iconium. (Cic. ad Fam. iii. 8, xv. 4; Strab. siv. p. 663, comp. with xii. p. 577; Ptol. V. 2. § 25; Steph. B. s. v.) Philomelium belonged to the conventus of Synnada (Plin. v. 25), and is mentioned in later times as belonging to Pisidia (Hierocl. p. 672 ; Ptol. I. c), the Pisidians in their pronunciation changing its name into Philoniede or Philomene. (Procop. Hist. Arc. 18.) The town is often alluded to by the Byzantine liistorians in the wars of the Greek emperors with the sultans of Iconium. (Anna Comn. p. 473; Procop. I. c. ; Nicet. Ann. p. 264.) Col. Leake {A sia Minor, p. 59) believes that the place was situated near the modern Ilgun; but it is more probable that we have to look for its site at Ahshehr, where ruins and inscriptions attest the existence of an ancient town. (Hamilton, Researches, i. p. 472, ii. p. 184; Arundell, Z*is- coveries, i. p. 282, foil.) [L. S.] PHILO'TERA. 1. {^iair€pa, Strab. xvi. p. 769 ; Steph. B. s. V. ; Plin. vi. 29. s. 33 ; ^lAtorfpas Ai- p-riv, Ptol. iv. 5. § 14; *iAa)T€f<is, Apollod. ap. Steph, B. s. V. ; Eth. iiK(iiT(pirr)s~), a town in Upper Aegypt in the country of the Troglodytae, on the Arabian Gulf, near Myos-Hormus. It was named after a sister of Ptolemy Philadelphus, and was founded by Sa- tyrus, who was sent by Ptolemy to explore the country of the Troglodytae. (Strab. I. c; see Mei- neke, ad Steph. B. I. c.) 2. {Eth. *iA£OTcpios), a city in Coele-Syria on the lake of Tiberias. (Steph. B. s. v. ; Polyb. v. 70.) Stephanns says that in consequence of the Etlmic 4>iA&,'Te'pios some called the city OiAwrepfa; and in Polvbius it is written 4>iAoTepia. PHILOTE'RIA. [Philotera, No. 2.] PHILYRE'lS (*iAiip7)is), an island off the coast of Pontus, in the Euxine. It must have been situ- ated near Cape Zephyrium, opposite the district in- habited by the Philyres, from which, in all proba- bility, it derived its name. (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1231 ; comp. Amm. JIarc. xsii. 8; Dionys. Per. 766; Steph. B. s. V. ^iAvpis.) Hamilton {Researches, i. p. 261) identifies it with the small rocky island 2 miles west of Cajie Zefreh, and between it and the ishmil of Kerasonde Ada. [L. S.] PHINNI (*i'woi). [Fenni.] PHINO'POLIS ("ioruTOAis, Ptol. iii> IL § 4; Strab. vii. p. 319), a maritime town of Thrace, not far from the junction of the Bosporus with the