Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/608

 592 PHARYGAE.

nomads of Africa (the Septuagint and the Vulgate understand the Lydians), may be reasonably sup- posed to belong to the same region. Without the vowel points, the naine will represent the powerful and warlike tribe whom the Greeks call Pharusii. The similarity of the names seems to have given rise to the strange story which Sallust (B. J. 18) copied from the Punic books, that Hercules had led an army of Persians into Africa. (* Pharusii quondam Persae,” Plin. v. 8; comp. ’omp. Mela, iii. 10. § 3.) The fierce tribes of Africa thus furnished the Phoe- nicians with inexhaustible supplies of mercenary troops, as they afterwards did to Carthage. (Ken- rick, Phoenicia, pp. 185, 277.) [E. B. J.]

PHARYGAE. [Tarrne.]

PHARY'GIUM (apiyov), a promontory of Phocis, with a station for shipping, lying E. of Anticyra, between Marathus and Myus, now called aAghid. (Strab. ix. p.423; Leake, Northera Greece, vol. ii. p. 549.)

PHASAE'LIS (¢acanais, Joseph., Steph. B., s. v.; baonAls, Ptol.v. 16. § 7; Phaselis, Plin. xiii. 4.8.19, xxi.5.s. 11; Eth. bacandltys), a town of Palestine built by Herod the Great in the Aulon or Ghor, N. of Jericho, by which means a tract for- merly desert was rendered fertile and productive. (Joseph. xvi. 5. § 2, xvii. 11. § 5, xvii. 2. § 2, B. J. i. 21. § 9.) The name seems still to have existed in the middle ages, fur Brocardus, quoted by Robinson, speaks of a village named Phiasellum, situated a league N. of Dik, and corresponding to he position of El-’Azjeh, where there are ruins. (Robinson, Biblical Researches, vol. ii. p. 305.)

PHASELIS (@aonAis: Eth. bacnditns), a ma- ritime town of Lycia, on the Pamphylian gulf, whence some say that it was a town of Pamphylia (Plin. v. 36; Steph. B. s v.; Dionys. Per. 855; Stadiasm. Mar. Mag. § 205); but Strabo (xiv. p. 667) distinctly informs us that Phaselis belonged to Lycia, and that Olbia was the first Pamphylian town on the coast. The town was a Dorian colony (Herod. ii. 178), situated on a headland, and conspicuous to those sailing from Cilicia to Rhodes. (Liv. xxxvii. 23; Cic. im Verr. ii. 4.) Behind it rose a mountain of the same name, pro- bably the same which is elsewhere called 7a SdAvua (Stadiasm. Mar. Mag. § 204; Strab. xiv. p. 666); and in its vicinity there was a lake and a mountain- pass leading between Mount Climax and the sea- coast into Pamphylia. Phaselis had three harbours, and rose toa high degree of prosperity, though it did not belong to the political confederacy of the other Lycian towns, but formed an independent state by itself. It is mentioned by Thucydides (ii. 69, comp. vill. 88, 89; Polyb. xxx. 9) as a place of some importance to the commerce of the Athenians with Phoenicia and Cilicia. At a later period, having become the haunt of the pirates, it was attacked and taken by Servilius Isauricus. (Cie. i Verr. iv. 10; Eutrop. vi. 3; Flor. iii, 6.) Although it was restored after this disaster, yet if never reco- vered its ancient prosperity; and Lucan (vii 249, &c.) describes it as nearly deserted when visited by Pompey in his flight from Pharsalus. According to Athenaens (xiv. p. 688) the town was celebrated for the manufacture of rose-perfuine, and Nicander (ap. Athen. p. 683) praised its roses. It was the common opinion among the ancients that the pha- seli (paonAor), a kind of light sailing boats, were invented at Phaselis, whence all the coins of the town show the image of such a boat. Pausanias

PHASIS.

iii. 3. § 6) reports that the spear of Achilles was exhibited in the temple of Athena at Pha- selis. In Hierocles (p. 683) the name of the place is corrupted into Phasydes; and the Acts of Coun- cils show it to have Seen the see of a bishop. It may also be remarked that Phaselis was the birth- place of Theodectes, a tragic poct and rhetorician of some note. (Steph. B. s. v.; comp. Scylax, p. 39; Ptol. v. 3. § 3, 5. § 2; Eckhel, Doctr. Num. iii. p. 6.) There are still considerable remains of the ancient Phaselis. The lake in its vicinity, says Beaufort (Karamania, p. 56), is now a mere swamp, occupying the middle of the isthmus, and was pro. bably the source of those baneful exhalations which, according to Livy and Cicero, rendered Phaselis so unhealthy. The principal port was formed by a stone pier, at the western side of the isthmus; it projected about 200 yards into the sea, by which it has been entirely overthrown. The theatre is scouped out of the hill, and fronting it are the re- inains of several large buildings. There are also numerous sarcophagi, some of them of the whitest marble, and of very neat workmanship. The modern name of Phaselis is Tekrova. (Comp. Fellows, Asia Minor, p. 211, full.; Leake, Asia Minor, p. 190.) [L.8.]

COIN OF PHASELIS.

PHASIA'NI (factavot), a tribe in the eastern part of Pontus, on the river Phasis, from which both they and the district called baciavh xepa derived their names. (Xenoph. Aznab. iv. 6. § 5, vii. 8 § 25; Divdor. xiv. 29; Eustath. ad Dionys. Per. 689.) [IL S3]

PHASIS (dats), a navigable river in Colchis, on the east of the Euxine, which was regarded in ancient times as forming the boundary between Europe and Asia, and as the remotest point in the east to which a sailer on the Euxine could proceed. (Strab. xi. p. 497; Eustath. ad Dionys. Per. 687; Arrian, Peripl. Pont. Eux. p. 19; Herod. iv. 40; Plat. Phaed. p. 109; Anonym. Peripl. Pont. p.1; Procop. Bell. Goth. iv. 2, 6.) Subsequently it came to be lovked upon as forming the boundary line between Asia Minor and Colchis. Its sources are in the southern- most part of the Montes Moschici (Plin. vi. 4; Solin. 20); and as these mountains were sometimes re- garded as a part of Mount Caucasus, Aristotle and others place its sources in the Caucasus. (Strab. xi. p. 492, xii. p. 548; Aristot. Afet. i. 13; Pro- cop. 2. ¢.; Geogr. Rav. iv. 20.) Strabo (xi. p. 497; comp. Dionys. Per. 694; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 401) makes the Phasis ina general way flow from the mountains of Armenia, and Apollonius specifies its sources as existing in the country of the Aima- rantl, in Colchis. For the first part of its course westward it bore the name Boas (Procop. Bell. Pers. i. 29), and after receiving the waters of its tribn- taries Lhion, Glaucus, and Hippus, it discharges itself as a navigable river into the Euxine, near the town of Phasis. (Strab. xi. pp. 498, 500; Plin. lic.) Some of the most ancient writers believed