Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/602

 5S6 rilAEXO. or VinJelicia, on the snuthern bank of the Danube is mentioned only by Ptolemy (ii. 12. § 4). [L. S.] PHAENO {^aivw, Euseb. Onomast. s. v. ^ivwv ; ^aiva, Hicrocl. p. 723), formerly a city of ]dum;ic-i, and afterwards a village of Arabia Petraea, betwi'cn Petra and Zoar, containing copper mines, where con- demned criminals worked. It was identified with Punon, one of the stations of the Israelites in their ■wanderings. {Ntimb. xxxiii. 42; see Reland, Pa- laestina, p. 951 ; Wesseling, ad Hierocl. I. c.) PHAESTUS. 1. {■ia.ifTTos: Eth. *oi'(TTioF),a town in the S. of Crete, distant 60 stadia from Gortyna, and 20 from the sea. (Strab. x. p. 479 ; Plin. iv. 12. s. 20.) It was said to have derived its name from an eponymous liero Phaestus, a son of Her- cules, who migrated from Sicyon to Crete. (Pans. ii. 6. § 7 ; Steph. B. «, v. ; Eustath. ad Horn. I. c.) According to others it was founded by Minos. (Diod. V. 78; Strab. /. c.) It is mentioned by Homer (//. ii. 648), and was evidently one of the most ancient places in the island. It was destroyed by the Gor- lynians, who took possession of its territory. (Strab. I. c.) Its port was Matalum, from which it was distant 40 stadia, though it was only 20 from the coast. (Strab. /. c.) We also learn from Strabo that Epimenides was a native of Phaestus. The in- habitants were celebrated for their sharp and witty sayings. (Athen. vi. p. 261, e.) Phae.stus is men- tioned also by Scylax, p. 18; Polyb. iv. .55. Stephanus B. («. v. ^aiffrds) mentions in the territory of Phaestus a place called Lisses, which he identifies with a rock in the Odyssey (iii. 293), where in our editions it is not used as a proper name, but as an adjective, — Ataai], " smooth." Strabo (I. c.) mentions a place Olysses or Olysse in the territory of Phaestus (jOXvaffrjv Tfjj •i'aicrTias) ; but this name is evidently corrupt; and instead of it we ought probably to read Lisses. This place must not be confounded with Lissus, which w-as situated much more to the W. (Kramer, ad Strab. I. c.) COIN OF PHAESTUS. 2. A town of Thessaly in the district Pelasgiotis, a little to the right of the Peneins. It was taken by the Roman praetor Baebius in b. c. 191. (Liv. xxxvi. 13.) 3. A town of the Locri Ozolae in the interior, with a port called the port of Apollo Phaestius. (Plin. iv. 3. s. 4.) Leake places Phaestus at Vit- Jiari, where are the ruins of a fortress of no great extent, and the port of Apollo near C.Andhromdkhi. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 621.) 4. The later name of Phrixa in Triphylia in Elis. [PlIRlXA.] PHAGKES (*a7p7js, Hecat. up. Steph. B. s. v. ; Herod, vii. 112; Time. ii. 99 ; Scyl. p. 27 ; Strab. vii. p. 331, Fr. 33), a fortress in the Picric hollow, and the first place after the passage of the Strymon. It is identified with the post station of Or/and, on tiic great road from Greece to Constantinople, where Greek coins have been often found, and, among PlIALASARNA. other small productions of Hellenic art, oval sling bullets of lead, or the " glandes " of which Lucan (vii. 512) speaks in his description of the battle of Pharsalia. These are generally inscribed with Greek names in characters of the best times, or with some emblem, such as a thunderbolt. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 176; Clarke, Travels, vol. viii. p. 58.) [E. B. J.] PHAI A (4>aia, Stadlas7)i. § 43 ; i-dia, Ptol. iv. 5. § 2), a harbour of Blarmarica, tiie name of which Olshausen (^Phoenhische Ortsnamen, in Rhein. Mus. 1852, p. 324) connects with a Phoenician original. Barth Reise, p. 505) has identified it with a small bay upon the coast, a little to the N. of Wady Temmineh. [E. B. J.] PHALA'CHTHIA (4>aAax0io), a town of Thes- saly in the district Thessaliotis. (Ptol. iii. 13. § 45.) PHALACRA (^aXdicpa), a promontoiy of Mount Ida, in Mysia, of which the exact position is un- known. (Eustath. ad Horn. II. viii. 47 ; Schol. ad Nicand. Alexiph. 40 ; Tzetz. ud Lycoph. 40, 1170.) StephaiuTS Byz., who mentions it under the name Phalacrae, states that all barren and .ste- rile mountains were called Phalacra. [L. S.] PHALACRIXE. [Falacrixum.] PHALACRUM. [Coucyra, p. 669, b.] PHALAE'SEAE(4>aAai(Tiai: Eth. *oAoio-i6iJs),a town of Arcadia, in the district Maleatis on the road from Megalopolis to Sparta, 20 stadia from the Hermaeum towards Belbina. Leake originally placed it near Gardhiki, but subsequently a little to the eastward of Bura, where Gell remarked some Hel- lenic remains among the ruins of the Bureiha Ka- h'/via. (Pans. viii. 35. § 3 ; Steph. B. s. v. ; Leake, Morea, vol. ii. p. 298; Peloponnesiaca, p. 237.) PHALANNA {^aXavva : Eth. ^aXavucuos'), a town of the Perrhaebi in Thessaly, situated on the left bank of the Peneius, SW. of Gonnus. Strabo says (ix. p. 440) that the Homeric Orthe became tiie acropolis of Phalanna; but in the lists of Pliny (iv. 9. s. 16) Orthe and Phalanna occur as two distinct towns. Phalanna was said to have derived its name from a daughter of Tyro. (Steph. B. s. v.) It was written Phalannus in Ephoi-us, and was called Hippia by Hecataeus. (Steph. B.) Pha- lanna is mentioned in the war between the Romans and Perseus, B.C. 171. (Liv. slii. 54, 65.) Pha- lanna probably stood at Karadjoli, where are the remains of an ancient city upon a hill above the village. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 379, vol. iv. p. 298,) PHALAXTHUM {^aXaveov. Eth. ^aXavQios), a town and mountain of Arcadia, in the district Orcho- nienia, near Jlethydrium. (Pans. viii. 35. § 9 ; Steph. B. s. V. ; Lealce, Peloponnesiaca, p. 240.) PHALAKA. [LAMLi.] PHALARUS. [BoEOTiA, p. 412, b.] PHALASARNA (ra ^aXacrapva : Eth. ^aXa- (Tapvtos), a town of Crete, situated on the NV. side of the island, a little S. of the promontory Cimarus or Corycus, described by Dicaearchus as having a closed-up port and a temple of Artemis called Dic- tynna. Strabo says that Phalasama was 60 stadia from Polyrrhenia, of which it was the port-town ; and Scylax observes that it is a day's sail across from Lacedaemon to the promontory of Crete, on which is Phalasama, being the first city to the west of the island. (Strab. x. pp. 474, 479 ; Scylax, pp. 17, 18; Dicaearch. Descrip. Graec. 119; Steph. B. s. v.; Plin. iv. 12. s. 20.) The Cydonians had at