Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/601

 TKTRIANA. PETRIA'NA, a fortress in the N. of Britannia Roinana, between the Wall and the river Jrthing, where the Ala Petriana was quartered. Camden (p. 1020) identifies it with Old Penrith; but Hors- Icy (^Brit. Rom. p. 107) and others fix it, with more probability, at Cambeck Fort or Castle-steeds. (N^ot. Imp.) It is called Banna by the Geogr. Rav. (Hors- lev, p. 498.) [T. H. D.] PETRI NA. [Petra, No. 2.] PETROCO'RII (UeTpoKSoiot, Ptol. ii. 7. § 12), a Gallic people, whom Ptolemy places in Aquitania. He names the chief city Vesunna, which is Perigord. Caesar mentions them (vii. 75) as sending a con- tingent of 5000 men to aid in raising the siege of Alesia; this is all that he says about them. The passage in Pliny (iv. 19. s. 33) in which he describes the position of the Petrocorii is doubtful : " Cadurci, Nitiobriges (a correction, see Nitiobriges), Tarne- que amne discreti a Tolosanis Petrocorii." This passage makes the Taniis (Tarn) the boundary be- tween the territory of Tolosa (Toulouse) and the Petrocorii, which is not tme, for the Cadurci were between the Petrocorii and the territory of Toulouse. Scaliger proposed to write the passage thus: " Ca- durci, Nitiobriges, Tame amni discreti a Tolosanis ; Petrocorii." But this is not true, for the Nitiobriges did not extend to the Tarn. Strabo (iv. pp. 190, 191 ) mentions the Petrocorii among the people between the Garonne and the Loire, and as near the Nitio- briges, Cadurci, Lemovices, and Arverni. He says that there are iron mines in the country. The Petro- corii occupied the diocese of Perigueux and Sarlat (D"Anville). Besides Vesunna their territory con- tained Corterate, Trajectus, Diolindum, and some ether small places. [G. L.] PETROMANTALUM, in Gallia, is placed by the Antonine Itinerary on a road which runs from Caro- cutiiium through Rotomagus (Rouen) to Lutetia (Paris). It also appears on a road from Caesar- omagus (Beauvais) to Briva Isarae or Pontoise, on the Oise. a branch of the Sei?ie. In the Table the name is written Petruniviaco. The site is uncertain. The name bears some resemblance to that of Magni; but the site of Magni does not accurately correspond to the distances in the Itineraries. [G. L.] PETRONII VICUS, in Gallia Narbonensis. Ho- nore' Bouche gives an inscription found at Pertuls, on the right bank of the Druentia (Durance), about 4 leagues north of Aquae Sextiae (Aix), inwhicli inscription the place is called " vicus C. Petronii ad ripam Druentiae." (D'Anville, Notice, tfc.) [G. L.] PETROSACA. [Mantineia, p. 262, b.] PETUARIA. [Parisi.] PEUCE (neu/fTj, Ptol. iil. 10. §2; Strab. vii. p. 305), an island of Sloesia Inferior, formed by the two southernmost mouths of the Danube. It de- rived its name from the abundance of pine-trees which grew upon it. (Eratosth. in Schol. Apollon. iv. 310.) It was of a triangular shape (Apollon. 1. c), and as large as Rhodes. By Martial (vii. 84. 3) it is called a Getic island; by Valerius Flaceus (viii. 217) a Sarmatian one. It has been identified with the modem island of Piczina or St. George, between Badahag and Ismail; but we must recol- lect that these parts were but little known to the ancients, and that in the lapse of time the mouths of the Danube have undergone great alterations. (Plin. iv. 12. s. 24; Mela, ii^7; Avien. Descr. Oi-h. 440; Dion. Perieg. 401; Claud. IV Cons. Honor. 630, &c.) [T. H. D.] PEUCELAO'TIS (nec/ceAairiy, Arrian, Anab. PHAENIANA. 585 iv. 22, Indie. 4; YliVKoXalTi.s, Strab. xv. p. G98; Plin. vi. 17. s. 21: Eth. Peucolaitae, Plin.; Xlfv- Kaus, Dionys. Per. 1 142), a district of India on the NW. frontier, along the Cophcn or Cdbiil river, in the direction of the Panjdb. The actual name of the town, which was probably Peuccla, is nowhere found, but the form of the word leaves no doubt that it is, like the majority of the name.s which have been preserved by Arrian, of genuine Sanscrit or Indian origin. Strabo and Pliny both call the city itself Peucolaitis. Arrian in one place gives ihe name to a district (iv. 22), without mentioning that of the capital or chief town ; in another he calls the capital Peucelaotis, or, according to the P'lorentine MS., Peucela. (Indie, c. 1.) There can be little doubt that this is the same place or district mentioned in Ptolemy under the form of Proelais (vii. 1. § 44), and in the Perijjlus Mar. Erythr. (c. 47). Both are connected with the Gandarae, — the Sanscrit Ganddras, — and both are alike placed in NW. India. Prof Wilson has shown that the Greek name is derived from the Sanscrit Pushkara or Pushkala, the Pushkalavati of the Hindus, which was phiced by them in the country of the Gandhdras, the Gandaritis of Strabo, and which is still represented by the modern Pehhely or Pakholi, in the neigh- bourhood of Peshuiour. (Wilson, Ariana, jip. 183, 184.) [V.] PEUCE'TII (TlivKeTioi), a people of Southern Italy, inhabiting the southern part of Apulia. This name was that by which they were known to the Greeks, but the Romans called them Poediculi, which, according to Strabo, was the national appel- lation employed also by themselves. (Strab. vi. pp. 277,282.) Their national affinities and origin, as well as the geographical details of the country occupied by them, will be found in the article Apulia. [E. 11. B.] PEUCI'NI (U€vk7voi, Ptol. iii. 5. § 19, 10. § 9; Strab. vii. p. 305, seq.; Plin. iv. 14. s. 28), a branch of the Bastarnae, inhabiting the island of Pence. Tacitus (Germ. 46) and Jornandes (Goth. 16) write the name Peuceni, which also appears in several MSS. of Strabo; whilst Ammianus Marccl- linus (xxii. 8. § 43) calls them Peuci, and Zosimus (i. 42) UidKat. [T.H.D.] PHABIRANUM (^a§ipavov), a place in the country of the Chauci Minores, that is, the district between the Albis and Visurgis (Ptol. ii. 11. § 27), is generally identified with the modern city of Bre- men; though some, with more probability, look for its site at Bremervorde. (Willielm, Germanien, p. 162.) [L.S.] PHA'CIXJM (^aKiov : Eth. ^aictevs), a town of Thessaly, in the district Pelasgiotis, pbiced by Leake a little below the right bank of the Penciu.s at Alifaka, but by Kiepert upon the left bank. Brasidas marched through Phacium in n. c. 424. (Thuc. iv. 78.) The town was laid waste by Philip, B.C. 198 (Liv. sxxii. 13), and was occupied by tho Roman praetor Baebius in the war with Antiochus, B.C. 191. (Liv. xxxvi. 13.) Phacium is probably the same place as Phacus, which Polybius (xxxi. 25) calls a town of Macedonia. (Comp. Stcph. B. s.v. ; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 493.) PHACUSSA (Plin. iv. 12. s. 23 ; ^aicodcraai, pi., Steph. B. s. v.), an island in the Aegacan sea, one of the Sporades, now Fecnssa. PHAEA'CES. [Cokcyisa.] PHAEDRIADES. [Deli-iii, p. 7CA.] PHAEDRIAS. [MixjAi.oi-oLis, p. 309, b.] PHAENIA'NA (i'aiviaya). a town in Rhaetia