Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/590

 574 PENIEL. to have possessed a larse tract of mountainous country lo the N. of the Dassaretae, and extending to the E. as far as the frontier of Macedonia, while on the W. and NV. it almost reached to the Labeates and the dominions of Gentius. (Liv. xliii. •20, 21, 22. 23, 25, xliv. 11.) The principal city of this warlike tribe was Uscana ; besides whjch they had the two fortresses of Dbaudaittm and Oaf,n?:um. [E- B. J.] PENIEL or PENUEL (i. e. " Face of God," ElSos @eov, LXX.), a plat-e beyond Jordan, where Jacob wrestlud with the angel (Gen. xxxii. 30), and where a town was afterwards founded by the tribe of Gad. {Judges, viii. 8.) PE'XIUS, a small river of Colchis, falling into the Euxine, on which stood a town of the same name. (Plin. iv. 4; Ov. ex Pont. iv. 10. 47.) PENNELOCUS, in the Antonine Itin., and PEN- NOLUCOS in the Peutinger Table, is a place in Gallia in the country of the Nantuates, between Vi- viscus ( Vei-cuj) and Tarnaja {St. Maurice). In the Itins. the distance of Pennelocus from Viviscus is marked viiii. ; but it is uncertain whether they are Roman miles or Gallic leagues. It is generally as- sumed that Vilkneuve at the eastern end of the Lake of Geneva is the site of Pennelocus, but tlie distance from Vevay does not agree. D'Anville found in some old maps a place called Penne on the direction of the road, but the position of Penne does not agree with the distances in the Itins. Pennelocus was in the Vallis Pennina or the Valais. [G.L.] PEXNI'NAE ALPES. [Alpes, p. 108, a.] PENNOCRUCIUM, a town in the territory of the Cornavii, in Britannia Komana, sometimes iden- tified with Ptinlcridge in Staffordshire, but more probablv Stretton. {Itin. Ant. p. 470 ; Camden, p. 636.) [T. H. D.] PENTADEMI'TAE (nffToSTj^TTai), a tribe of Teuthrania in Mysia, which is mentioned only by Ptolemy (v. 2. § 15). [L. S.] PENTA'POLIS. [Cykenaica.] PENTEDA'CTYLOS (Plin. vi. 29. s. 34; Tliv- Ta^aKTvXou opos, Ptol. iv. 5. § 25), a mountain in Esvpt, on the Arabian Gulf, S. of Berenice. 'PE'XTELE. [Attica, p. 327, a.] PENTELEIUM {TleuTeKeioi'), a fortress near Pheneus, in the north of Arcadia, situated upon a mountain of the same name. For details see Phe- KEUS. PENTETICUS MONS. [Attica, pp. 322, a., 323, b.] PENTRI (ricVrpoi), a tribe of the Samnites, and apparently one of the most important of the sub- divisions of that nation. Their capital city was BoaANUM (Liv. ix. 31), in the very heart of the Samnite territory, and it is therefore probable that they occupied the whole of that rugged and moun- tainous district which extends from the frontiers of Latimn, in the valley of the Liris, to those of the Frentani, towards the Adriatic. But it is impossible to determine their exact limits, or to separate their liistory from that of the remaining Samnites. It is probable, indeed, that, throughout the long wars of the Romans with the Samnites, the Pentri were the leading tribe of the latter people, and always took part in the war, whether specified or not. The only occasion when we hear of their separating them.-elves from the rest of their countrymen, is during the Second Punic War, when we are told that all the other Samnites, excej)t the Pentri, declared in favour of Hannibal after the battle of Cannae, b. c. 2 1 6. PEPUZA. (Liv. xxii. 61.) This is the last occasion on which we find their name in history; all trace of the disr tinction between them and the other Samnites seems to have been subsequently lost, and their name is not even mentioned by Strabo or Pliny. The geo- graphical account of their country is given under the article Samnium. [E. H. B.] PEOR {^oyiip, LXX.), a mountain in the land of Moab. {Numb, xxiii. 28.) It is placed by Eusebius {s. V. 'Apa§ud MojdS) between Livias and Esbus, over against Jericho. PEGS ARTE'MIDOS. [Speos Aetemidos.] PEPAKE'THUS (neirdpij0or: £th. OeTraprjeios), an island in the Aegaean sea, lying off the coast of Thessaly, to the east of Halonnesus. Pliny describes it as 9 miles in circuit, and says that it was formerly called Evoenus (iv. 12. s. 23). It was said to have been colonised by some Cretans under the command of Staphylus. (Scymn. Ch. 579; Horn. Eymn. Apoll. 32.) Peparethus was an island of some im- portance, as appears from its frequent mention in history, and from its possessing three towns {rpi- ■noXis, Scylax, p. 23), one of which bore the same name as the island. (Strab. ix. p. 436.) The town suffered from an earthquake in the Peloponnesian War, B.C. 426. (Thuc. iii. 89.) It was attacked by Alexander of Pherae (Diod. xv. 95), and the island was laid waste by Philip, because the inhabi- tants, at the instigation of the Athenians, had taken possession of Halonnesus. (Dem. de Cor. p. 248, Einst. Phil. p. 162.) In b. c. 207, Philip sent a garrison to the city of Peparethus, to defend it against the Romans (Liv. xxviii. 5); but he de- stroyed it in B. c. 200, that it might not fall into the hands of the latter. (Liv. xxxi. 28.) Peparethus was celebrated in antiquity for its wine (Athen. i. p. 29; Heracl. Pont. Fragm. 13; Plin. xiv. 7. s. 9) and oil. (Ov. 3fet. vii. 470.) Diodes, the earliest Greek historian who wrote upon the foundation of Rome, was a native of Peparethus. [See Diet, of Biugr. Vol. I. p. 1010.] Peparethus is now called KhiUdhromia, and still produces wine, which finds a good market on the mainland. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 112.) PEPERINE (nsTrfpij/T)), an island off the SW. coast of India, which undoubtedly derived its name from producing pepper. (Ptol. vii. 1. § 95.) PEPHXUS {Uit^ivos, Pans.; lii^vov, Steph. B.), a town of Laconia, on the eastern coast of the Mes- senian gulf, distant 20 stadia from Thalamae. In front of it was an island of the same name, which Pausanias describes as not larger than a great rock, in which stood, in the open air, brazen statues of the Dioscuri, a foot high. There was a tradition, that the Dioscuri were born in this island. The island is at the mouth of the river Milea, which is the minor Pamisus of Strabo (viii. p. 361). In the island, there are two ancient tombs, which are called those of the Dioscuri. The Messenians said that their territories originally extended as far as Pephnus. [MESSENiA,p.345,a.] (Paus. iii. 26. §§ 2,3; Gell, Itiner. of the Morea, p. 238; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 330, Peloponnesiaca, p. 178 ; Boblaye, Recher- ches, (fc. p. 93 ; Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. ii. pp. 283,284.) PEPU'ZA (IlfVoy^d), a town in the western part of Phrygia, which is mentioned only by late writers. It gave its name to an obscure body of heretics noticed by Epiphanius {Haeres. xlviii. 14) : but they did not exist long, since their town was ruined and deserted when he wrote. (Comp. Philostprg.