Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/575

 TATTALEXE tlie East, or land of the Ganges ; or, mythologically, the Lower Ifegions (Ritter, v. p. 476). [V.] PATTALE'NE (narraXriuTT, Strab. xvi. pp. 691, 701 ; Patalene, UaTaXr^vTi, Ptol. vii. 1. § 5.5 ; Patale, Pliii. vi. 20, 21, 2.3), the delta-shaped dis- trict comprehended between the arms of the Indus, and extending from its capital Pattala (now Tatta) tfl the Indian Ocean. It was a very fertile, flat, marshy country, liable to be constantly overflowed by the waters of the great river. The ancients gave, on the whole, a tolerably accurate estimate of the size of this delta, Aristobulus stating that it was 1000 stadia from one arm of the river to another, and Nearchus considering the distance to be 800 stadia; they, however, greatly exaggerated the width of the river, at its point of separation, Onesicritus deeming this to have been as much as 200 stadia (Strab. xv. p. 701). We may presume this measure to have been made during a time of flood. By Marcian, Pattalene is comprehended in Gedrosia; but there seems reason to suspect that the present text of Marcian has beeu tampered with (c. 34, ed. Miiller, 1855). Arrian does not distinguish between the town and the district of which it was the capital, but calls them both indiscriminately Patala (^Anab. V. 3). The district probably extended along the coast from the present Kurdchi on the W. to Cutch on the E. [V.] PATU'MUS (ndrovfxos, Herod, ii. 159), a town of Araoia, on the borders of Egypt, near which Necho constructed a canal from the Nile to the Arabian Gulf. It is probably the Pithom of Scripture (Exod.i. 11), not far from Bubastis, and near the site of the present Belhey. [T. H. D.] PAULO {Paglione), a river of Liguria, rising in the Maritime Alps, and flowing into the sea under llie walls of Nicaea {Nice). (Plin. iii. 5. s. 7; Mel. ii. 4. § 9.) It is now called the Paglione, and is a considerable mountain torrent in winter and spring. [E. H. B. | PAUS. [Cleitor] PAUSILY'PUS MONS. [Neapolis, p. 410.] PAUSULAE {Eth. Pausulanus), a town of Pi- cenum, mentioned only by Pliny (iii. 13. s. 18). It is placed by Holstenius at Monte delV Olmo. about 5 miles S. of Macerata, on the right bank of the river Chienii, the ancient Flusor. (Holsten. Not. ad Cluver. p. 137.) [E. H. B.] PAUTA'LIA (TlavraAia al. UavTaia, Ptol. iii. 11. § 12; Peuf. Tab.), a town in the district of Dtutheletica. Its position in the Table accords with that of the modern iJjustendil or Ghiustendil; and the situation of this town at the sources of the Strymon agrees remarkably with the figure of a river-god, accompanied by the " legend " 'Xrpvfxoiv, on some of the autonomous coins of Pautalia, as well as with the letters EN. ITAin., which, on other coins, show that the Pautalistae considered them- selves to be Paeonians, like the other inhabitants of the banks of that river. On another coin of Pau- talia, the productions of its territory are alluded to, namely, gold, silver, wine, and corn (Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 38), which accords with Ghiustendil. In the reign of Hadrian, the people both of Pautalia and Serdica added Ulpia to the name of tiieir town, pro- bably in consequence of some benefit received from that emperor. This title, in the case of Pautalia, would seem at first sight to warrant the supposition that it was the same place as Ulpiana, which, ac- cording to Procopius (c?e Aed. iv. 1), was rebuilt by Justinian, with the name of Justiniana Secunda; and PEDASUS. 5. 5 'J the modern, name lends an appearance of confirma- tion to this hypothesis by its resemblance to Ju.stini- ana. But the fact that Procopius and Hierocles no- tice Ulpiana and Pautalia as distinct places, is an insurmountable objection to this hypothesis [Ulpi- ana.] Stephanus of Byzantium has a district called Paetalia (naiTttAia), which he assigns to Thrace, probably a f;ilse reading. (Leake, Northern Gi-eece, vol. iii. p. 425.) [E. B. J.] PAX JULIA (na| 'ouia, Ptol. ii. 5. § 5; called in the Geogr. Rav., iv. 43, Pacca Julia), a town of the Turdetani, in the S. of Lusitania, and on the road from Esuris to Ebora {Itin. Ant. pp. 426, 427). But on the subject of this route see Lusitania, Vol. II. p. 220. It was a Roman colony, and the seat of a Conventus juridicus (Plin. iv. 35); probably the same town as that called Pax Augusta by Strabo (iii. p. 151), — as many towns bore double names in this manner, — notwithstanding that it is placed by him among the Celtici. (Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 388, and the authorities there cited.) It lay on a hill N. of Julia Myrtilis, and is commonly identified with Beja. [T. H. D.] PAXI (JIc^o'l), the name of two small islands, now called Paxo and Antipaxo, situated between Corcyra and Leucas. (Polyb. ii. 10; Plin. iv. 12. s. 19; Dion Cass. 1. 12.) PEDAEUM or PEDAEUS (Jlii^aiov). a place mentioned by Homer {II. xiii. 172), which is said by Eustathius to have been a town in Troas; but it is otherwise entirely unknown. [L. S.] PEDA'LIE, a place on the coast of Cilicia, be- tween Pinara and Ale, is mentioned only by Pliny (v. 22), and its exact site is unknown. [L. S.] PEDA'LIUM (IlrjSdAioj'), a promontory in the south-east of Caria, forming the southernmost point of the western cnast of the Sinus Glaucus. (Pomp. Mela, i. 16; Plin. v. 29; Stadiasm. Mar. Magn. §§ 228, 233, 234.) Strabo (xiv. p. 651) gives to the same promontory the name of Artemisiurn, from a temple of Artemis, which stood upon it ; its modern name is Bohomadhi. (Leake, Asia Minor, p. 223, foil.) [L. S.] PE'DASA (Jlii^aaa: Eih. n7)5o(rei5s), also called PEDASUM (Plin. v. 29), an ancient city of Caria, in which the Persians sufiered a defeat during the revolt of the lonians. (Herod, v. 121, vi. 20.) It was once the chief seat of the Leleges. Alexander the Great deprived the place of its independence by giving it over to the Halicarnassians, together with five other neighbouring towns. (Plin. /. c.) In the time of Strabo (xiii. p. 611) the town had ceased to exist, and the name of the district, Pedasis (IlTjSa- ffi'y), was the only remaining memorial of tlie place. (Comp. Polyb. xviii. 27; Steph. B. s. v.) As He- rodotus assigns to Pedasa a portion of the territory of Miletus, it is clear that the town must have beeu situated between Miletus, Halicarnassus, and Strato- niceia; but its exact site is still only matter of con- jecture, some placing it at the modern Melasso, and others at Arabi Ilissar, neither of which supposi- tions is free from inconsistencies. [L. S.] PET>ASUS (rirjSoo-os), a small town of Mysia, on the river Satnioeis, which is mentioned by Homer (//. vi. 35, XX. 92, xxi. 87), but was deserted in the time of Strabo (xiii. p. 605), who (p. 584) mentions it among the towns of the Leleges, which were de- stroyed by Achilles. (Cump. Steph. B. s. t'. XlriSoo-a. Pliny (v. 32) imagines that Pcdasus was the same place as that which subsequently bore the name of Adramyttium; but as Homer distinctly places it on