Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/569

 PARIIHASIA. raped, however, punishment, by giving large bribes to Themistocles. (Herod, viii. 112.) Along with the other islands in the Aegaean, Paros shortly after- wards became subject to Athens, and, according to an inscription, paid the imperial city the yearly tribute of 19,440 drachmas. (Franz, Elem. Epiffr. Gr. No. 49.) Paros subsequently shared the fate of the other Cyclades ; and there is notliing further ill its history to require special mention. The poet Archiloclius was a native of Paros. The island consists of a single round mountain, sloping evenly to a maritime plain which surrounds the mountain on every side. It was celebrated in antiquity for its white marble, which was exten- sively employed in architecture and sculpture, and was reckoned only second to that of Mt. Pentelicus. The best kind was called i6os Xvxfirris, Aux''fof, or AvySos. (Athen. v. p. 20.5; Plin. xxxvi. 5. s. 14: Diod. ii. 52.) The quarries were chiefly in Mt. Marpessa. (Steph. B. s. v. MdpTrrjo-cra ; Marpessia cautes, Virg. Aen. vi. 471.) The Parian figs were also celebrated. (Athen. iii. p. 76.) According to iScylax (p. 22) Paros possessed two harbours. Its chief city, which bore the same name as the island, was on the western coast. It is now called Pa- roikia, and contains several ancient remains. On a small hill SE. of the city Ross discovered in the walls of a house the inscription Arifir]Tpns KapTTopopov, and close by some ancient ruins. This was probably the site of the sanctuary of Demeter mentioned in tlie history of Miltiades, from which we learn that the temple was outside the city and stood upon a hill. (Herod, vi. 134.) Paros had in 1835 only 5300 inhabitants. (Thiersch, Ueber Paros UTid Parische Inschriften, in the Ah- handl. der Bayrischen Ahad. of 1834, p. 583, &c. ; lioss, Reisen auf den Griech. Inseln, vol. i. p. 44 ; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 85, &c.) PAETHENIUS. 553 COIN OF PAKOS. PARRHA'SIA, PARRHA'SII. [Arcadia, p. 192, b.] PARSICI MONTES, a small chain of mountains in the western part of Gedrosia, beyond the river Arabres. Forbiger has conjectured that they arc the same as the present Buskurd Mts. Connected doubtless with these mountains, and in the same liistrict was the Parsis of Ptolemy (vi. 21. § 5), which' he calls a metropolis, an opinion in which IMarcian assents (c. 24, ed. Miiller), and another tribe whom Ptolemy calls the Parsirae or Parsidae (vi. 21. § 4). It seems not unlikely that these are the same people whom Arrian calls Pasirae (Tnd. c. 26) and Phny Pasires (vi. 23. s. 26). [V.] PARTHALIS (Plin. vi. 18. s. 22), the name given by Pliny to the palace of the rulers of the Calingae, who lived at the mouths of the Ganges. The last edition of Pliny by Sillig reads Protalis f .r the older form, Parthalis. [V.] PARTHANUM, a town in Rhaetia, on the road from Laureacum to Veldidena, where, according to the Notitia Imperii (in which it is called Parro- dunum), the first Rhaetian cohort was stationed. (Itm. Ant. pp. 257, 275.) Its site is generally identified with the modern Partenkirchen. [L.S.] PARTHE'NI PARTHI'NI (Uape-nvoi, Xlapdivol, Tlapffivoi., Strab. vii. p. 326 ; Appian, Illyr. 1 ; Dion Cass. xli. 49; Cic. in Pis. 40; Pomp. Mela, ii. 3. § 11; Plin. iii. 26), a people of Grecian Illy- ricum, who may be placed to the N. in the neigh- bourhood of Epidamnus, and, consequently, next to the Taulantii. They are often mentioned in the course of the war with Illyricum, B.C. 229, but as friends rather than foes of the Romans, having submitted at an early period to their arms. (Polyb. ii. H; Liv. xxix. 12.) After the death of Philip, king of Macedon, they appear to have been added to the dominions of Pleuratus, an Illyrian prince allied to the Romans. (Polyb. xviii. 30; Liv. xxx. 34, xliv. 30.) Their principal town was Parthus (Jlapdos, Steph. B. s. v.), which was taken by Caesar in the course of his campaign with Pom- peius. (Caes. B. C. iii. 41.) In Leake's map the site is marked at Ardhenitsa(?). The double-hilled Dimallum, the strongest among the Illyrian places, with two citadels on two heights, connected by a wall (Polyb. iii. 18, vii. 9), was within their terri- tory. There is no indication, however, of its precise situation, which was probably between Lissus and Epidamnus. Of Eugenium and Bargulum, two other fortresses noticed by Livy (xxix. 12), nothing further is known. [E. B. J.] PARTHE'NIAS. [Harpina.] PARTHE'NIUM (rb no.pdeviou opos), a moun- tain on the frontiers of Arcadia and Argolis, across which there was an important pass leading from Argos to Tegea. [See Vol. I. pp. 201, 202.] (Paus. viii. 6. § 4; Strab. viii. pp. 376, 389; Po- lyb. iv. 23; Liv. xxxiv. 26; Plin. iv. 6. s. 10.) It was sacred to Pan; and it was upon this mountain that the courier Pheidippides said that he had had an interview with Pan on returning from Sparta, whither he had gone to ask assistance for the Athenians shortly before the battle of Marathon. (Herod, vi. 105; Paus. i. 28. § 4, viii. 54. § 6.) The pass is still called Partktni, but the whole mountain bears the name of Roino. It is 3993 feet in lieight. (Leake, Morea, vol. ii. p. 329, seq. ; Peloponnesiaca, p. 203.) PARTHE'NIUM (Uapeevtop), a town in Mysia, in the south of Pergamum. (Xenoph. Anab. vii. 8. §§ 15, 21 ; Plin. v. 33.) Its exact site has not been ascertained. [L. S.] PARTHE'NIUM MARE (UapefviKhf ireAuyos, Greg. Naz. Or. xix.), the eastern part of tlie Mare Internum, between Egypt and Cyprus. (Anim. Marc. xiv. 8. § 10; from which writer it also ap- pears that it was sometimes called the Issiac Sea — " a vespera (Aegyptus) Issiaco di.sjungitur man, quod quidam nominavere Parthenium," xxii. 15. §2.) [T.H D.] PARTHE'NIUS (nop0eVioj), the most important river in the west of Paphlagonia. It owes its Greek name probably to a similarity in the sound of its native appellation, which is still Bartan-Su or Bar- tine; though Greek authors fabled that it derived its name from the fact that Artemis loved to bathe in its waters (Scyniii. 226, foil.) or to hunt on its banks, or from the purity of its waters. The river has its sources on mount Olgassys, and in its north-western cour.se formed the boundary between Paphlagonia and Bithynia. It empties it.self into the Euxinc about 90 stadia west of Amastris. (Hum.