Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/566

550 moderate elevation, situated between Parriassus and Mount Hedvliuni; he adds that tliese two mountains were separated from each other by an interval of 5 stadia, through which the Cephissus flowed. (Strab. ix. p. 424.) Parapotamii was destroyed by Xerxes (Herod, viii. 33), and again a second time by Philip at the conclusion of the Sacred War. (Paus. X. 3. § 1.) It was never rebuilt. Plutarch in his life of Sulla (c. 1 6) .-peaks of the acropolis of the deserted city, which he describes as a stony height surrounded with a precipice and separated from Mt. Hedylium only by the river Assus. (Leake, Northern Gitece, vol. ii. pp. 97, 195.)

PARASO'PIAS (nafjoo-ioTriaj), a town of Thes- saly in the district Oetaea. (Strab. ix. p. 434.)

PAKAVAEI {Uapavawi, Thuc. ii. 80; Rhianus, ap. Steph. B. s. u.).an Epirot tribe, whose territories, conierminous with those of the Orestae, were situated on the banks of the Aous ( Viosa), from which they took their name. In the third year of the Peloponne- bian War, a body of them, under their chief Oroedus, joined Cnemus (Thuc. I.e.'), the Lacedaemonian com- mander. Arrian {Anah. i. 7), describing the route of Alexander from Elimiotis (GVeverea and Tjersemha) to Pelinnaeum in Thessaly, which stood a little to the E. of Trikkala, remarks that Alexander passed by the highlands of Paravaea, — Ldzari and Snwlika, with the adjacent mountains. The seat of this tribe must be confined to the valleys of the main or E. branch of the Aous, and the mountains in which that river originates, ex- tending from the Aoi Stena or Klisura, as far S. as the borders of Tymphaea and the Molossi, and including the central and fertile district of Konitza, with the N. part of Zagori. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. pp. 1 1 5—120, 195.) [E. B. J.]

PARE'MBOLE (JapitxS6-n, Melet. Brev. p. 188; Parambole, It. Ant. p. 161; It. Hieros. p. 568) was a port or castle (Castra, Plin. v. 9. s. 10) on the borders of Aegypt and Aethiopia, and alter- nately attached to either kingdom. Parembole was situated between Syene and Taphis, on the left bank of the Nile, lat. 23° 40' N. In Roman times it was one of the principal fortresses of the southern ex- tremity of the empire, and was usually occupied by a legion. On the recession of the Roman boundary in Diocletian's reign, Parembole was handed over to the Nubae, and was frequently assailed by the Blemmyes from the opposite bank of the river. (Procop. B. Pers. i. 19.) The ruins of its temples may still be seen at the village of Bebot or Debou. From the square enclosure of brick found there it would seem to have been a penal settlement for criminals as well as a regular station for soldiers. (Ro.-ellin. Man. del Culto, p. 189.) [W. B. D.]

PARE'NTIUM (ΠapevTtov: Parenzo), a, city of stria, on the W. coast of the peninsula, about 30 miles N. of Pola. (Plin. iii. 19. s. 23; Ptol. iii. 1. § 27; Itln. Ant. p. 271; Tab. Pent.; Anon. Rav. iv. 31.) From the mention of the name by Ste- phanas of Byzantium (s. v.) it is probable that it existed as an Istrian town previous to the Roman settlement there. Pliny calls it an " oppidum civium Eomanorum," and it would seem that it was already one of the most considerable towns in the province, though it did not then enjoy the rank of a colony. But we learn from inscriptions that it subsequently attained this rank under Trajan, and bore the titles of Colonia Ulpia Parentium (Orell. Itiscr. 72, 3729; Zumpt, de Colon, p. 402.) In common with the other cities of Istria, its most flourishing

period belongs to the close of the Western Empire. The modern city of Paremo is a small place, but retains its episcopal see, which dates from a very early period. [E. H. B]

PARGYE'TAE {napyv?iTai), a tribe who, ac- cording to Ptolemy (vi. 18. §3), occupied part of the chain of the Paropamisus ( Hindu Kt'ish). There can be little doubt that they lived along what are now called the Solimdn Koh, a great chain of mountains which extends nearly SW. from Cdhul parallel with the Panjilh. There is some doubt as to the correct orthography of their name ; and it seems most probable that the real form is Parsyetae or Paryetae, which is also given by Ptolemy as the name of another portion of the chain of the Paropamisus. Both probably derive their name from the Sanscrit Pnrvata, which means mountains. [V.] PARI'DION. [Pa.dion.] PARIENNA (JlapUvva), a town of Germany, in the country of the Quadi, was probably situated on the river Waag, on the site of the modern Barin or Varin. (Ptol. ii. 11. § 29.) [L. S.]

PAEIETINUM, a town of the Celtiberians in Hispania Tarraconensis, identified by some with S. Ckmente. {Itin. Ant. p. 447). [T. H. D.] PARIN {TldpLV, Isidor. Mans. Parth. c. 17, ed. Miiller), a town mentioned by Isidorus of Charax in Drangiana, or, as he calls it, Zarangiana. It has been conjectured by Forbiger that it is represented by the Modern Para; Miiller, however, thinks it is the same as Bakoita. [V.]

PARISI (napiVoi, Ptol. ii. 3. § 17), a British tribe dwelling on the XE. coast of Britannia Romana, and on the left bank of the Abus (Humber), con- sequently in the East Biding of Yorkshire. Their chief town was Petuaria (FleTouapia, Ptol. I. c), which is thought to be the same with the Praetorium of the Itinerary (pp. 464, 466), and whence there was a road through Eboracum (Fori) to the Ro- man Wall. Respecting the site of Petuaria there have been many conjectures, and it has been va- riously identified with Beverley, Burgh. Auldby, &c. [T. H. D.]

PARI'SIL [LUTETIA.]

PA'RIUM (Iloptoi': Eth. napiovrfj), a coast-town of Mysia, on the Hellespont, on the west of Priapus, in the district called Adrasteia, from an ancient town which once existed in it (Strab. xiii. p. 588). Pliny, (v. 40) is mistaken in stating that Homer applied the name of Adrasteia to Parium, and the only truth that seems to lie at the bottom of his assertion is that a town Adrasteia did at one time exist between Priapus and Parium, and that on the destruction of Adrasteia all the building materials were transferred to Parium. According to Strabo, Parium was a colony of Milesians, Erythraeans, and Parians ; while Pausanias (ix. 27. § 1) calls it simply a colony of Erythrae. According to the common traditions, it had received its name from Parius, a son of Jason. (Eustath. ad Horn. Od. v. 125, ad Dion. Per. 517 ; Steph. B. s. v.)

The harbour of Parium was larger and better than that of the neighbouring Priapus ; whence the latter place decayed, while the prosperity of the former increased. In the time of Augustus, Parium became a Roman colony, as is attested by coins and inscriptions. It contained an altar constructed of the stones of an oracular temple at Adrasteia which had been removed to Parium ; and this altar, the work of Hermocreon, is described as very remarkable on ac- count of its size and beauty. Strabo and Pliny (vii.