Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/555

 PANDION. small island in the Tyrrhenian sea, lying off the Gulf of Gaeta, nearly opposite to the mouth of the Vulturnus. (Plin. iii. 6. s. 12 ; Strab. ii. p. 123 ; Mela, ii. 7. § 18; Ptol. iii. 1. § 79.) Strabo says it was 250 stadia from the mainland, which is just about the truth (v. p. 233). He calls it a small island, but well peopled. It was nJrt unfrequently made use of, as well as the neighbouring Pontia, as a ]ilace of confinement for state prisoners or political c^iiles. Among these may be mentioned Julia, the daughter of Augustus, Agrippina, the widow of Germanicus, and Octavia, the first wife of Nero, of whom the two last were put to death in the island. (Tac. Ann. i. 53, xiv. 63; Suet. Tib.bZ.) Pan- dataria is about midway between Pontia {Ponza) and Aenaria {IscJiia) ; it is of volcanic origin, like the group of the Ponza Islands, to which it is some- times considered as belonging ; and does not exceed 3 miles in length. Varro notices it as frequented, like the neighbouring islands of Pontia and Pahnaria, bv flocks of quails and turtle-doves in their annual migrations. (Varr. R. R. iii. 5. § 7.) [E. H. B.] PANDION, a headland in the south-west of Caria, opposite the island of Syme. (Pomp. Mela, i. 16.) Pliny (v. 29) mentions on the same spot a small town Paridion, or according to another read- ing Parydon. [L. S.] P-4.ND0'SIA (nai/Soo-ia: Eth. Viav^ocrlvos). 1. A city of Bruttium, situated near the frontiers of Lucania. Strabo describes it as a little above Con- sentia, the precise sense of which expression is far from clear (Strab. vi. p. 256); but Livy calls it " imminentem Lucanis ac Bruttiis finibus." (Liv. viii. 24.) According to Strabo it was originally an Oenotrian town, and was even, at one time, the capital of the Oenotrian kings (Strab. I. c); but it seems to have certainly received a Greek colony, as Scylax expre.ssly enumerates it among the Greek cities of this part of Italy, and Scymnus Chius, though perhaps less distinctly, asserts the same thing. (Scyl. p. 4. § 12; Scymn. Ch. 326.) It was probably a colony of Crotona ; though the .state- ment of Eusebius, who represents it as founded in the i-anie year with Metapontum, would lead us to regard it as an independent and separate colony. (Eiiseb. Arm. Chron. p. 99.) But the date assigned by him of b. c. 774 seems certainly inadmissible. [Metapojstum.] But whether originally an in- dependent settlement or not, it must have been a dependency of Crotona during the period of great- ness of that city, and hence we never find its name mentioned among the cities of Magna Graecia. Its only historical celebrity arises from its being the place near which Alexander, king of Epirus, was slain in battle with the Bruttians, b. c. 326. That monarch had been warned by an oracle to avoid Pandosia, but he understood this as referring to the town of that name in Thesprotia, on the banks of the Acheron, and was ignorant of the existence of both a town and river of the same names in Italy. (Strab. vi. p. 256 ; Liv. viii. 24 ; Justin, xii. 2; Plin. iii. 11. s. 15.) The name of Pandosia is again mentioned by Livy (xxix. 38) in the Second Punic War, among the Bruttian towns retaken by the consul P. Sempronius, in b. c. 204; and it is there noticed, together with Conscntia, as opposed to the " ignobiles aliae civitates." It was therefore at this time still a place of some consequence; and Strabo seems to imply that it still existed in his time (Strab. I. c), but we find no subsequent trace of it. There is great difficulty in determining its PANDOVI REG 10. 5.39 position. It is described as a strong fortress, situ- ated on a hill, which had three peaks, whence it was called in the oracle Ylar^oaia TptK6u>vos (Strab, I. c.) In addition to the vague statements of Strabo and Livy above cited, it is enumerated by Scymnus Chius between Crotona .and Thurii. But it was clearly an inland town, and must probably have stood in the mountains between Consentia and Thurii, though its exact site cannot be determined, and those assigned by local topographers are purely conjectural. The proximity of the river Acheron affords us no assistance, as this was evidently an inconsiderable stre.im, the name of which is not mentioned on any other occasion, and which, there- fore, cannot be identified. Much confusion lias arisen between the Bruttian Pandosia and a town of the same name in Lucani.t (No. 2.); and some writers have even considered tliis last as the place where Alexander perished. (Konianelli, vol. i. pp. 261—263). It is true that Tlieopompus (n/». Plin. iii. 11. s. 15), in speaking of that event, described P;iiidosia as a city of the Lucanians, but this is a very natural error, as it was, in fact, near the boundaries of the two nations (Liv. viii. 24), and the passages of Livy (xxix. 38) and Strabo can leave no doubt that it was really situated in the land of the Bruttians. 2. A town of Lucania, situated near Heraclea. It has often been confounded with the preceding; but the distinct existence of a Lucani.an town of the name is clearly established by two authorities. Plu- tarch describes Pyrrhus as encamping in the plain between Pandosia and Heraclea, with the river Siris in front of hiin (Plut. Pyrrh. 16); and the cele- brated Tabulae Heracleenses repeatedly refer to the existence of a town of the name in the immediate neighbourhood of Heraclea. (Mazocchi, Tab. IJe- racl. p. 104.) From these notices we may infer that it was situated at a very short distance from Heraclea, but apparently further inland; and its site has been fixed with some probability at a spot called Sta Maria d Anglona, about 7 miles from the sea, and 4 from Heraclea. Anglona was an epi.>^copal see down to a late period of the middle ages, but is now wholly deserted. (Mazocchi, I. c. pp. 104, 105; Eomanelli, vol. i. p. 265.) [E. H. B.] PANDO'SIA (navSoaia : Eth. Vlauooaievs). an ancient colony of Elis (Dem. Haloimes. p. 84, l!ei.--ke), and a town of the Cassopaei in the district of Tiies- protia in Epirus, situated upon the river Acheron. It is probably represented by the rocky height of Kastri, on the summit of which are the w.alls of an acropolis, while those of the city descend tiie slopes on either side. (Strab. vii. p. 324; Liv. viii. 24; Justin, xii. 2 ; Plin. iv. 1 ; Stcpli. B. s. i'. ; Lcike, Northeiii Greece, vol. iv. p. 55.) COIN OF r.VNnosiA. PANDOVI REGIO {UavUov x<^P°; Ptol. vii. 1. § 11), a district at the southern extremity of the Peninsula of Ilindo.itan. The name is in some editions Xlav^i6i'0'i, but there is every probability that the above (which was suggested by Erasmus) is the true reading. There is another district of the same name which is placed by Ptolemy in the Pan-