Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/55

 ILI.YRICUM. who were stationed in the strong links of the chain of' military posts which was scattered along the frontier of the Danube. Inscriptions are extant on which the records of its occupation by the 7th and 11th legions can still be read. (Orelli, nos. 3452, 3.553, 4995, 4996; comp. Joseph. B. J. ii. 16; Tac. Ann. iv. 5, Hist. ii. 11. 85.) There was at that time no seat of government or capital ; but the province was divided into regions called " con- ventus : " each region, of which there were three, named from the towns of Scahdona, Salona, and Narona, was subdivided into numerous " decu- riae." Thus the " conventus " of S;ilona had 382 " decuriae." (Plin. iii. 26.) Iadkka, Salona, Nauona, and Epidaurl'S, were Roman " coloniae;" Apollonia and Cop.cyka, " civitates liberae." (Appian, Ilhjr. 8 ; Polyb. ii. 11.) The jurisdiction of the " pro-praetor,'' or " legatus," does not appear to liave extended throughout the whole of lllyricuin, but merely over the maritime portion. TJie inland district either had its own governor, or was under the praefect of I'annonia. Salona in later times be- came the capital of the province (Procop. B. G..b Hierocles), :uid the governor was styled " praeses." (Orelli, nos. 1098, 3599.) The most notable of these were Dion Cassius the historian, and his father Cassius Apronianus. The warlike youth of Pannonia and Dalmatia afforded an inexhaustible supply of recruits to the legions stationed on the banks of the Danube ; and the peasants of Illyricuni, who had already given Claudius, Aurelian, and Probus to the sinking em- pire, achieved the work of rescuing it by the eleva- tion of Diocletian and Maximian to the imperial purple. (Comp. Gibbon, c. xiii.) After the final division of the empire, Ifarcellinns, " Patrician of the ^'est," occupied the maritime portion of W. Iliyricum, and built a fleet which claimed the dominion of the Adriatic. [Dalma- tia.] E. Iliyricum appears to have suil'ered so much from the hostilities of the Goths and the op- pressions of Alaric, who was declared, A. D. 398, its master-general (comp. Claudian, in Euirop. ii. 216, de Bell. Get. 535), that there is a law of Theodosius II. which exempts the cities of Iliyricum from contributing towards the expenses of the public spectacles at Constantinople. (Theod. cod. x. tit. 8. s. 7.) But though suffering from these inroads, casual encounters often showed that the people were not destitute of courage and military skill. Attila himself, the terror of both Goths and Romans, was defeated before the town of Azimus, a frontier for- tress of Iliyricum. (Priscus, p. 143, ed. Bonn; comp. Gibbon, c. sxxiv. ; Finlay, Greece under the Jiomans, p. 203.) The coasts of Iliyricum were considered of great importance to the court of Con- stantinople. The rich produce transported by the caravans which reached the N. shores of the Black Sea, was then conveyed to Constantinople to be dis- tributed through W. Europe. Under these circum- stances, it was of the utmost consequence to defend the two points of Thessalonica and Dyrrhachium, the two cities which commanded the extremities of the usual road befnxen Constantinople and the Adriatic. (Tafel, de Thessalonica, p. 221; Hull- man, Gesckich. des Byzantischen Handels, p. 76.) The open ■countiy was abandoned to the Avars and the E. Slaves, who made permanent settlements even to the S. of the Via Egnatia ; but none of these settlements were allowed to interfere wit i th ■ lines of communication, without which the trads of ILVA. 39 the West would have been lost to the Greeks. He- raclius, in his plan for circumscribing the ravages of the northern enemies of the empire, occupied the whole interior of the countiT, from the borders of Istria to the territory of Dyrrliachium, with colonies of the Serbs or W. Slaves. From the settlement of the Servian Slavonians within the bounds of the empire we may therefore date, as has been said above, the earliest encroachments of the Illyrian or Albanian race on the Hellenic population of the South. The singular events which occurred in the reign of Heraclius are not among the least of the elements which have gone to make up the con- dition of the modern Greek nation. [E. B. J.] ILOKCI. [Eliocroca.] ILU'CIA. [Oretanl] ILURATUM ('IKoiparov, Ptol. iii. 6. § 6), a town in the interior of the Tauric Chersonese, pro- bably somewhat to the N. of Kaffa. [H B. J.] ILURCA'ONES. [Ilercaones.] ILUHCIS. [Graccurris.] ILURGEIA. ILUKGIS. [Illiturgis.] ILU'RGETAE. [Ilergetes.] ILURO, in Gallia Aquitania, is placed by the Antonine Itin. on the road from Cacsaraugusta, in Spain, to I>enehannum. [BENEiiARMU.'r.] Iluro is between Aspaluca [Aspaluca] and Bcneharnuun. The modem site of Uuro is Oleron, which is the same name. Oleron is in the department of Basses Pp-tntes, at the junction of the Gave d'Aspe, the river of Aspaluca, and the Gave dOssau, which by their union form the Gave cTOliron. Gave is the name in these parts for the river-valleys of the Py- renees. In the Notitia of Gallia, Iluro is the Civitas Elloronensium. The place was a bishop's see from the commencement of the sixth century. [G. L.] PLURO. 1. {Alora'), a city of Baetica, situated on a hill. (Inscr. ap. Carter, Travels, p. 161 ; Ukcrt, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 358.) 2. [LAEiiTANL] [P. S.] ILU'ZA (to "lAoufa), a town in Phrygia Paca- tiana, which is mentioned only in very late writers, and is jirobably the same as Aludda in the Table of Peutinger; in which case it was .situated between Sebaste and Acmonia, 25 Roman miles to the east of the latter town. It was the see of a Christian bishop. (Hierocl. p. 667; Condi. Constant, iii. p. 534.) [L. S.] ILVA ('lAow, Ptol.: Elba), called by the Greeks Aethalia (A40aAia, Strab., Diod.; AlBaAfta, Ps. Arist., Philist. ap. Stejik. B.), an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, lying off the coast of Etruria, oppo- .site to the headland and city of Populonium. It is much the most important of the islands in this sea, situated between Corsica and the mainland, being about 18 miles in length, and 12 in its greatest breadth. Its outline is extremely in-egular, the mountains which compose it, and which rise in some parts to a height of above 3000 feet, being indented by deep gulfs and inlets, so that its breadth in some places does not exceed 3 miles. Its circuit is greatly overstated by Pliny at 100 Roman miles: the same author gives its distance from Popu- lonium at 10 miles, which is just about correct; but the width of the strait which separates it from the nearest point of the mainland (near Piombino) does not much exceed 6, though estimated by DioJorus as 100 stadia (12^ miles), and by Strabo, through an enormous error, at not less than 300 stadia. (Strab. v. p. 223; Diod. v. 13; P)in. iii. 6. s. 12; Mel. ii. 7. § 19; Scyl. p. 2. § G; Apoll. Rhod. D 4