Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/49

 ILIPLA. p. 222, vol. ix. p. 24, vol. xii. p. 52 ; Blorale.s, Ant ill. p. 88 ; Jlentelle, Eap. Anc. p. 243 ; Coins ap. Floivz, Mvd. de Jisp. vol. ii. p. 4GS, vol. iii. p. 7t> : Mionnet, vol. i. p. 15, Suppl. vol. i. p. 28; Eckhfl, vol. i. p. 22 ; Ukert, vol.ii. pt. I. p. 374.) 2. [iLII'LA.] [P-S.] I'LU'LA (Coins; Iupa, liin. Ant. p. 432; prob:il)ly the 'lhova of Ptol. ii. 4. § 12 : Nkblu), a city of the TurJetani, in the W. of Hispania Baetica, on the high road from Hispalis to tiie mouth of the Anas. (Caro, Antig. Ilisp. iii. 81 ; Coins ap. Florez, J/erf. vol. ii. p. 47 1 ; Jlionnet, vol. i. p. 16, Suppl. vol. i. p. 29 ; Sestini, p. 53; Kckliel, vol. i. p. 22.) [P. S.] ILl'PULA. 1. Surnamed Laus by Pliny (iii. 1. s. 3), and Magna by Ptolemy ClWiirovKa ixiy6.Kr, ii. 4. § 12), a city of the Turduli, in IJaetica, lie- tween the Bactis and the coast, perhaps Loxa. (Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 303.) 2. RIiNoit (prob. Olvera or Lepe di Ronda, near Carmona), a tributary town of the Turdetani, in Hispania Baetica, belonginfj to the conventns of His])alis. (Plin. iii. 1. s. 3 ; Sestini, Med. Exp. p. 54.) ^ [P. S.] ILl'PULA MONS CW'nrovXa), a range of moun- tains in Baetica, S. of the Bactis, mentioned only by Ptolemy (ii. 4. § 1 5), and supposed by some to be the Sierra Nevada, by others the Sierra de Alhuma or the Alpujurras. [P. S.] ILISSUS. [Attica, p. 323, a.] ILISTKA {"IXiffTpa : Illisera), a town in Ly- caonia, on the road from Laranda to Isanra. whiih is still in exi>tcncc. (Ilierocl. p. 075 ; Concil. Eplus. p. 534; Co?icil.Chalced.p. 67 4: Hamilton, yi'&sea/r/'f.s-, vol.ii. p. 324 ; Leake, -'l*"/rt il/»(o/', p. 102.) [L. S.] ILITIIVIA (Etei0u(os TrrfAiy, Strab. xviii. p. 817; EiA7/ei-iay, Ptol. iv. 5. § 73), a town of the KL'vptian lloptanomis, 30 miles KE. of Apollinopolis JIaLMia. It was situated on the eastern bank of the Kile, in lat. 2.5° 3' N. According to Plutarch (^Isis et Osir. c. 73), Ilithyia contained a temple dedicated to Bubastis, to whom, as to the Tauri.an Artemis, human victims were, even at a comparatively recent period, sacrificed. A bas-relief (Jlinutoi, p. 394, seq.) discovered in the temple of Bubastis at El- Kah. representing such a sacrifice, seems to confirm Plutarch's statement. The practice of human sacri- fice among the Aegyptians is, indeed, called in ques- tion by Herodotus (ii. 45); yet that it once prevailed among thein is rendered probable by JLanetho's state- ment of a king named Amosis having abolished the custom, and substituted a waxen image for the human victim. (Vw]^h.yv. de Abstinent. . p. 223; Eiiseb. Praep. Evang. iv. 16; comp. Ovid, Fast. v. 021.) The singularity in Plutarch's story is the recent date of the imputed sacrifices. [V. B. D.] ILITURGIS. [iLLtTURGIS.] I'LIUM, I'LIOS (^liov,ri'Mos'. Eth.lXievs, f. 'lAias), sometimes also called Tkoja (Tpoi'a), whence the inhabitants are commonly called TpHoes, and in the Latin wTiters Trojani. The existence of this city, to which we commonly give the name of Troy, cannot be doubted any more than the simple fact of the Trojan War, which was believed to have ended with the capture and destruction of the city, after a war of ten years, B. c. 1184. Troy was the principal city of the country called Troas. As the city has been the subject of curious inquiij', both in ancient and modern times, it will be necessary, in the first instance, to collect and analyse the statements of the ancient writers ; and to follow up this discus- VOL. II. ILIUJL 33 sion by an account of the investigations of modem travellers and scholars to identify the site of the fanious city. Our most .ancient authority are the Homeric poems ; but we must at the very outset remark, that we cannot look upon the poet in every respect as a careful and accurate topographer ; but that, admitting his general accuracy, there may yet be points on which he cannot be taken to account as if it had been his professed object to communicate information on the topography of Troy. The city of Ilium was situated on a rising ground, somewhat above the plain between the rivers Sca- mander and Simois, at a distance, .as Strabo asserts, of 42 stadia from the coast of the Hellespont. (Hom. //. XX. 216, fol. ; Strab. siii. p. 596.) That it was not quite in the plain is dear from the epithets ■}]fefj.6f(T(ra, alneiv^, and (Kfipvuiaaa. Beliinil it, on the .south-ea,st, there rose a hill, foi-ming a branch of Mount Ida, surmounted by the acropolis, called Per- gamum (tci Tlipjaixov, Hom. Jl. iv. 508, vi. 512 ; also TO nf>7a;tia. Soph. Phil. 347, 353, 611 ; or, i) nepya/xos, Horn. //. v. 446, 460.) This fortified acrojiolis contained not only all the temples of the gods (//. iv. 5U8, V. 447, 512, vi. 88, 257, xxii. 172, &c.), but also the jialaces of Priam and his sons, Hector .and Paris (//. vi. 317, 370, 512, vii. 345). The city must have had many gates, as may be in- ferred from the expression iriiaai irvKai (^11. ii. 809, and elsewhere), but only one is mentioned by name, viz., the ^Kaial irvai, which led to the camp of the Greeks, and must accordingly have been on the north- west part of the city, that is, the part just op))osite the acropolis (//. iii. 145, 149, 263, vi. 306, 392, xvi. 712, &c.). The origin of this name of the "left gate" is unknown, though it may possibly have reference to the manner in which the signs in the heavens were obseiTcd ; for, during this process, the priest turned his face to the north, so that the north-west would be on his left hand. Certain minor objects alluded to in the Iliad, such as the tombs of Ilus, Acsyctes, and Myrine, the Scopie and Erineus, or the wild fig-tree, we ought probably not attempt to urge very strongly : we are, in fact, prevented from at- tributing much weight to them by the circumstance that the inhabitants of New Ilium, who believed that their town stood on the site of the ancient city, boasted that they could show close to their walls the.se doubt- ful vestiges of antiquity. (Strab. xiii. p. 599.) The walls of Ilium are described as lofty and strong, and as flanked with towers ; they were fablod to have been built by Apollo and Poseidon (II. i. 129, ii. 113, 288, iii. 153, 384, 386, vii. 452, viii. 519). These are the only points of the topograjihy of Ilium derivable from the Homeric poems. The city was de- stroyed, according to the common tradition, as already remarked, about b. c. 1184; but afterwards we hear of a new Ilium, though we are not infonned when and on what site it was built. Herodotus (vii. 42) relates that Xerxes, before invading Greece, oifered sacrifices to Athena at Pergamum, the ancient acro- polis of Priam ; but this does not quite justify the inference that the new town of Ilium was then already in existence, and all that we can conclude from this passage is, th.at the people at that time entertained no doubt as to the sites of the ancient city and its acropolis. Strabo (siii. p. 601) states that Ilium was restored during tlie last dynasty of the Lydian kings ; that is, before the subjugation of Western Asia by the Persians : and both Xenojjhon (Ilellen. i. 1. § 4) and Scylax (p. 35) seem to speak of Ilium as a town actually existing in their days.