Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/484

 468 OENOBARAS. OENOBARAS (OiVogdpas or OiVoTrapas), a river of the plain of Antioch, in Syria, at which, according to Strabo (xfi. p. 751), Ptolemy Phi- lometer, having conquered Alexander Balas in buttle, died of liis wounds. It Las been identified with the Uphrenus, modern Aphreen, which, rising in the roots of Amanus Mons (Almadaghi/), runs southward through the plain of Cyrrhestica, until it falls into the small lake, which receives also the Labotas and the Arceuthus, from which their united waters run westward to join the Orontes coming from the south. The Oenoparas is the easternmost of the three streams. It is unques- tionably the Afrin of Abulfeda. (Tabula Syr., Supplementa, p. 152, ed. Koehler; Chesney, Ex- pedition, vol. i. pp. 407, 423.) [G. W.] OE'NOE (OiVoT)). 1. A small town on the north- west coast of the island of Icaria. (Strab. siv. p. 639 ; Steph. B. s. v. ; Athen. i. p. 30.) This town was probably situated in the fertile plain below the modern Jlessaria. The name of the town seems to be derived from the wine grown in its neighbourhood on the slopes of Jlount Pramnus, though others believe that the Icarian Oenoe was a colony of the Attic town of the same name. (Comp. Ross, Reisen aiifden Griech. Inseln, ii. pp. 159, 162.) 2. A port-town on the coast of Pontus, at the mouth of the river Oenius, which still bears its ancient name of Oenoe under the corrupt form Unieli. (Arrian, Peripl. Pont. Eux. p. 1 6 ; Anonym. Peripl. p. 11 ; comp. Hamilton, Researches, i. p. 271.) 3. An ancient name of the island of Sicinus. [SiciNus.] ^ ^ [L. S.] OE'NOE (OiVoT? : Eth. Olvoalos, Olvaios). 1. An Attic demus near Marathon. [Maiiathon.] 2. An Attic demus near Eleutherae, upon the confines of Boeotia. [Vol. I. p. 329, No. 43.] 3. A fortress in the territory of Corinth. [Vol. I. p. 685, b.] 4. Or Oexe (Oji'tj, Steph. B. s. v.), a small town in the Argeia, west of Argos, on the left bank of the river Charadrus, and on the southern (the Pri- ms) of the two I'oads leading from Argos to Man- tineia. Above the town was the mountain Arte- misium (Malevos'), with a temple of Artemis on the summit, worsliipped by the inhabitants of Oenoe under the name of Oenoatis (OiVojaris). The town was named by Dioinedes after his grandfather Oeneus, who died here. In the neighbourhood of this town the Athenians and Argives gained a vic- tory over the Lacedaemonians. (Paus. ii. 15. § 2, i. 15. § 1, X. 10. § 4; Apollod. i. 8. § 6; Steph. B. s. v.) Leake originally placed Oenoe near the left bank of the Charadrus ; but in his later work he has changed his opinion, and supposes it to have stood near the right bank of the Inachus. His original supposition, however, seems to be the cor- rect one; since there can be little doubt that Ross Las rightly described the course of the two roads leading from Argos to ]Iantineia. (Leake, Morea, vol. ii. p. 413, Pelopon. p. 266; Ross, Reis€7i iin Peloponnes, p. 133.) 5. Or BoEOXOA, a town of Elis, near the Ho- meric Epliyra. (Strab. viii. p. 338.) [Vol. I. p. 839. b.] OENOLADON {OlvoXd^wv, Stadiasm. § 96). a river in the district of the African Syrtes, near the town of Amaraea ('Ajuapai'a, Stadiasm. I. c), where there was a tower and a cove. Barth ( Wandei^mgen, pp. 300, 359) refers it to the Wady Msid, where there is a valley with a stream of sweet water in OENOTRTA. the sandy waste ; and Miiller, in his map to illustrate the Coast -describer {Tab. in Geoff. Graec. Min. Par. 1855), places Amaraea at Ras-alHamrak, where Admiral Smyth {Mediterranean, p. 456) marks cove ruins, and Admiral Beechey {Exped. to N. Coast of Africa, p. 72) the ruins of several baths with tesselated pavements, to the W. of which there is a stream flowing from the Wady Mata. [E. B. J.] OEXO'NE or OENO'PIA. [Aegina.] OENO'PHYTA (to OiVdcf uto), a place in Boeotia, where the Athenians under Myronides gained a signal -ictory over the Boeotians in b. c. 456. As this victoiy was followed by the destruction of Ta- nagra, there can be little doubt that it was in the territory of the latter city, not far from the frontier of Attica. Its name, moreover, shows that it was the place where the wine was chiefly produced, for which the territory of Tanagra was celebrated. Leake therefore places it at I'nia (written Oivia, perhaps a corruption of Olv6<pvTa). which stands in a commanding position near the left bank of the Asopus, between Tanagra and Oropus. (Thuo. i. 108, iv. 95 ; Leake, Northern Gi'eece, vol. ii. p. 463.) OEXO'TRIA (plvci)Tpia), was the name given by the Greeks in very early times to the southernmost portion of Italy. That country was inhabited at the period when the Greeks first became acquainted with it, and began to colonise its shores, by a people whom they called Oexotri or Oenotrii {Olvunpoi or OlvJnpioC). Whether the appellation was a na- tional one, or was even known to the people them- selves, we have no means of judging; but the Greek writers mention several other tribes in the same part of Italy, by the names of Choncs, Morgetes, and Itali, all of whom they regarded as of the same race with the Oenotrians; the two former being expressly called Oenotrian tribes [Choxes; JIorgetes], while the name of Itali was, according to the ac- count generally received, applied to the Oenotrians in general. Antiochus of Syracuse distinctly spoke of the Oenotri and Itali as the same people (op. Strab. vi. p. 254), and defined the boundaries of Oenotria (under which name he included the coun- tr s subsequently known as Lucania and Bruttium exclusive of lapygia) as identical with those of Italia {ap. Strab. I. c). A well-known tradition, adopted by Virgil, represented the Oenotrians as taking the name of Italians, from a chief or king of the name of Italus (Dionys. i. 12, 35; Virg. Aen. i. 533; Arist. Pol. vii. 10); but it seems probable that this is only one of the mythical tales so common among the Greeks: and whether the name of Itali was only the native appellation of the people whom the Greeks called Oenotrians, or was originally that of a particular tribe, like the Chones and Morgetes, which was gradually extended to the whole nation, it seems certain that, in the days of Antiochus, the names Oenotri and Itali, Oenotria and Italia, were regarded as identical in significa- tion. The former names, however, had not yet fallen into disuse; at least Herodotus employs the name of Oenotria, as one familiar to his readers, to designate the country in which the Phocaean colony of Velia was founded. (Herod, i. 167.) But the gradual extension of the name of Italia, as well as the conquest of the Oenotrian territory by the Sa- bellian races of the Lucanians and Bruttians, natu- rally led to the disuse of their name; and though this is still employed by Aristotle (Pol. vii. 10), it is only in reference to the ancient customs and