Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/482

 466 OEASO. tlie situation of Galaxidhi. The Oeanthians {Olavdils') are mentioned among the Locri Ozolae by Thucydides (iii. 101). Scylas calls the town Euantliis ; and since Strabo says (vi. p. 259) that Loci-i Epizephyrii in Italy was founded by the Locri Ozolae, under a leader named Euanthes, it has been conjectured that Oeantheia or Euantheia was the place where the emigrants embarked. Oeantheia appears to have been the only maritime city in Locris remaining in the time of Pausanias, with the exception of Naupactus. The only objects at Oean- theia mentioned by Pausanias were a temple of Aphrodite, and one of Artemis, situated in a grove above the town (s. 38. § 9). The town is men- tioned ill the Tab. Peut. as situated 20 miles from Naupactus and 15 from Anticyra. The remains of antiquity at Galaxidhi are very few. There are some ruins of Hellenic walls; and an inscription of no importance has been discovered there. (Bockh, Inscr. No. 1764.) The modern town is inhabited by an active seafaring population, who possessed 180 ships when Ulrichs visited the place in 1837. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 594; Ulrichs, Jieisen, (fc. p. 5.) OE'ASO. OEASSO (OiWan', Strab. iii. p. 161; Olanaii), Ptol. ii. 6. § 10). erroneously written Olarso by Pliny (iii. 3. s. 4, iv. 20. s. 34). was a maritime town (if the Vascones in Hispania Tarraconensis, near the promontory of the same name, and on the river Magrada (Mela, iii. 1), most probably Oyarqo or Oyarzun, near Irun and Fuentearabia. In an Inscr. we find it written Oeasuna. (Grut. p. 718; Oienhart, Not. Vase. ii. 8; Florez, Esp. S. xxiv. pp. 15. 62, and xxxii. p. 147.) [T. H. D.] OEASSO (OiWffci, Ptol. ii. 6. § 10, ii. 7. § 2), a promuntory of Hispania Tarraconensis, in the ter- ritory of the Vascones, formed by the N. extremity of tlie Pyrenees, now C. Higuera. [T. H. D.] OECHA'LIA (OixaAia: Eth. Olxo-Xavs), the name of several ancient towns in Greece. 1. In Messenia, in the plain of Stenyclerus. It was in ruins in the time of Epaminondas (Pans. iv. 26. § 6), and its position was a matter of dispute in later times Stnibo identified it with Andania, the an- cient residence of the Messenian kings (viii. pp. 339, 350. 360, X. p. 448). and Pausanias with Carnasium, which was only 8 stadia distant from Andania, and upon the river Charadrus. (Pans. iv. 2. §2, iv. 33. § 4.) Carnasium, in the time of Pausanias, was the name given to a grove of cypresses, in which were statues of Apollo Carneius, of Hermes Criophorus, and of Perseplione. It was here that the mystic rites of the great goddesses were celebrated, and that the urn was preserved containing the bones of Eu- rytus. the son of Jlelaneus. (Paus. iv. 33. §§ 4, 5.) 2. In Euboea, in the district of Eretria. (Hecat ap. Paus. iv. 2. § 3 ; Soph. Track. 74 ; Strab. ix. p. 438, X. p. 448 ; Steph. B. s. v.) 3. In Thessaly, on the Peneius, between Pelinna to the east and Tricca to the west, not far from Ithome. (Strab. viii. pp. 339, 350, ix. p. 438, x. p. 448. Paus. iv. 2. § 3; Steph. B. s. v.) 4. In the territory of Trachis. (Strab. viii. p. 339, X. p. 448; Steph. B. s. v.) 5. In Aetolia. (Strab. x. p. 448.) Each of these cities was considered by the respective inhabitants as tht! residence of the celebrated Eurytus, who was conquered by Hercules, and the capture of whose city ■was the subject of an epic poem called Oi'xo^'"^ oAoio-is, which was ascribed to Homer or Cresphy- ^us. Hence among the early poets there was a dif- OENLADAE. ference of statement upon the subject. The Mes- senian Oechalia was called the city of Eurytus in the Iliad (ii. 596) and the Odyssey (xxi. 13), and this statement was followed by Pherecydes (ap.Schol. ad Soph. Track. 354) and Pausanias (iv. 2. §3). The Euboean city was selected by the writer of the poem on the Capture of Oechalia (Schol. ap. 5o/;A. I. c), by Hecataeus (ap. Paus. I. c), and by Strabo (x. p. 448). The Thessalian city is mentioned as the residence of Eurytus in another passage of the Iliad (ii. 730); and K. 0. Miiller supposes that this was the city of the original fable. (Dorians, vol. i. p. 426, seq., transl.) OECHARDES {Olxap^s;Vio. vi. 16. §§ 3, 4), a river of Serica, the sources of which Ptolemy (J. c.) places in the Auxasii II., Asmiraei M., and Casii M., the latter of which mountain ranges we may safely identify with the chain of Kaschgar. The statement of Ptolemy, coming through Marinus, who derived his knowledge of the trading route of the Seres from Titianus of Macedonia, also called Maiis, the son of a merchant who had sent his commercial agents into that country (Ptol. i. 11. § 7), indicates a certain amount of acquaintance with that singular depression in Central Asia which lies to the E. of Pamir, the structure of which has been inferred from the direction of its water-courses. The Oe- chardes may be considered to represent the river formed by the union of the streams of Khotan, Yarkand, Kaschgar, and Ushi, and which flows close to the hills at the base of Thian-Schan. The Oechardae (OixapSai, Ptol. vi. 16. § 4) deriving their name from the river must be assitjued to this district. [Serica.] [E. B. J.] OEDANES. [Dyardanes.] OENEANDA. [Oenoanda.] OE'NEON (OiVecif), a town of the Locri Ozolae, east of Naupactus, possessing a port and a sacred enclosure of the Nemeian Zeus, where Hesiod was said to have been killed. It was from this place that Demosthenes set out on his expedition into Aetolia, in b. c. 426, and to which he returned with the remnant of his forces. Leake supposes that the territory of Oeneon was separated from that of Nau- pactus by the river Morno, and that Oeneon per- haps stood at Mugula, or near the fountain Amhla. (Thuc. iii. 95, seq.; Steph. B. s. v.; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 616.) OENEUS (OiVeus), a river of Pannonia, a tribu- tary of the Savus (Ptol. ii. 17. § 2). In the Peuting. Table it is called Indenea, and now bears the name of Unna. [L. S.] OENI'ADAE 1. (OiViaSai, Thuc. et alii; OiVei- aSai, Steph. B. s. v. : Eth. OlvidSai : Trikardhd), a town in Acarnania, situated on the W. bank of the Achelous, about 10 miles from its mouth. It was one of the most important of the Acarnanian towns, being strongly fortified both by nature and by art, and commanding the whole of the south of Acarnania. It was surrounded by marshes, many of them of great extent and depth, which rendered it quite in- accessible in the winter to an invadinj force. Its territory appears to have extended on both sides of the Achelous, and to have consisted of the district called Paracheloitis, which was very fertile. It seems to have derived its name from the mythical Oeneus, the great Aetolian hero. The town is first mentioned about b. c. 455. The Messenians, who had been settled at Naupactus by the Athenians at the end of the Third Messenian War (455), shortly afterwards made an expedition against Oeniadae,