Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/481

 ODRYSAE. B. C. 42 their king Sadiiles, who had no chililren, bequeathed his kingdom to the Romans, and pos- session was taken of it by Brutus. (Caes. B. C. iii. 4; Dion Cass, xlvii. 25; Lucan, v. 54.) Augustus seems to have left the Odrysians the appearance of independence, In the year B.C. 29, in return fur tlie friendly disposition which they had shown towards the Romans, they were pre.'-ented by M. Crassus with a territory hallowed by the worship of Bacchus, which he had conquered from the Bessi (Dion Cass. li. 25). In the year B.C. 20, Rhoe- niatalces, who was administering the kingdom as guardian of the three infant sons of the deceased monarch Cotys IV., succeeded, with the assistance of the Romans under M. Lollius, in reducing the BessI (/c?. liv. 20). A few years afterwards, the Bessi again rose under their leader Vologaeses, a priest of Bacchus, and drove Rhoematalces into the Cher- sonese; they were, however, soon reduced to submis- sion by Lucius Piso; Rhoematalces was restored; and it would appear, from Tacitus, that under his reign the Odrysians acquired the dominion of all Thrace (Dion Cass. liv. 34; Tac. Ann. ii. 64). This apparent prosperity was, however, entirely de- pendent on the Romans, by whose influence they were governed. Thus, after the death of Rhoema- talces, we tind Augustus dividing his kingdom be- tween his son Cotys and his brother Rhascuporis (Tac. I. c; Veil. Pat. ii. 98). Again, after the mur- der of Cotys by Rhascuporis, Tiberius partitioned the kingdom between the children of Cotys and Rhoe- matalces, son of Rhascuporis, at the same time ap- pointing a Roman, Trebellienus Rufus, as guardian of the former, wlio were not of age (Tac. Ann. ii. 67, iii. 38). But, in spite of their subjection, the spirit of the Odrysians was not subdued. Two years after the event just recorded, they rose, in conjunc- tion with the Coeletae, against the Romans, as well as against their own king Rhoematalces, whom they besieged in Phihppopoiis. This rebellion, which was undertaken by leaders of little distinction, and con- ducted without concert, was soon quelled by P. Vel- leius (Tac. Ann. iii. 39). A more formidable one took place a.d. 26, which Tacitus ascribes to the unwillingness of the Thracian tribes to supply the Roman army with recruits, as well as to the native ferocity of the people. It occasioned the Romans some trouble, and Poppaeus Sabinus was rewarded with the triumphal insignia for his services in sup- pressing it {lb. iv. 46—51). At length, under the reign of Vespasian, the Odrysians were finally de- prived of their independence, and incorporated with the other provinces of the Roman empire (Suet. Te?/>. 8; Eutrop. vii. 19). In the preceding sketch those circumstances only have been selected which illustrate the histoiyofthe Odrysians as a people, without entering into the personal history of their monarchs. The following is a list of the dynasty; an account of the different kings who compose it will be found in the Diet, of Biogr. and Mythol. under the respective heads. 1. Teres. 2. Sitalces. 3. Seuthes I. 4. IMedocus (or Amadocus) with Maesades. 5. Seuthes II. 6. Cotys I. 7. Cersobleptes, with Amadocus and Be- risudes. 8. Seuthes III. 9. Cotys II. 10. Cotys III. 11. Sadales. 12. Cotys IV. 13. Rhoema- talces I. 14. Cotys V. and Rhascuporis. 15. Rhoe- matalces II. 16. Cotys VI. The manners of the Odrysians partook of that wildness and ferocity which was common to all the Thracian tribes, and which made their name a by- VOL. II. OEANTHEIA. 465 word among the Greeks and Romans ; but the horrible picture drawn of them by Ammiaims Marcellinus (xxvii. 4. § 9) is probably overcharged. Like most other barbarous nations of the north, they were ad- dicted to intoxication, and their long drinking bouts were enlivened by warlike dances performed to a wild and barbarous music. (Xen. Anab. vii. 3. § 32.) Hence it is characteristic that it was considered a mark of the highest distinction to be a table com- panion of the king's; but whoever enjoyed this honour was exfiected not only to drink to the king, but also to make him a present (76. 16, seq.J Among such a people,we are not surprised to find that Dionysus seems to have been the deity most worshipped. They had a custom of bupng their wives from their parents, which Herodotus (v. 6) represents as prevailing among all the Thracian tribes. [T. H. D.] ODRYSUS. [Hadkianopolis.] ODYSSEIA ('OSi/'o-fftia, Strab.iii. pp. 149, 157; 'OSuaaeh, Steph. B. s. v.), a town of Hispania Bae- tica, lying N. of Abdera, and, according to tradition, built by Ulysses, together with a temple to Athene. By Solinus (c. 23) and others it has been absurdly identified with Olisipo (Lwio?j) ; but its site, and even its existence, are altogether uncertain. [T. H. D.] OEA (Pomp. Mela, i. 7. § 5 ; Oeensis civitas, Plin. V. 4; Tac. Hist. iv. 50; Solin. 27; Amm. Marc, xxviii. 6; 'Ewa, Ptol. iv. 3. § 12), a town in the district of the Syrtes, which, with Leptis Magna, and Sabrata, formed the African Tripolis. Although there had probably been an old Phoeni- cian factory here, yet, from the silence of Scylax and Strabo, the foundation of the Roman cohmy (■' Oeea colonia," liin. Anton.) must be assigned to the middle of the first century after Christ. It flourished under the Romans until the fourth cen- tury, viJien it was greatly injured by the Libyan Ausuriani. (Amm. Marc. I. c.) At the Saracen invasion it would seem that a new town sprung up on the ruins of Oea, which assumed the Roman name of the district — the modern TrijJoU; Trdblis. the Moorish name of the town, is merely the same word articulated through the medium of Arab pronuncia- tion. At Tripoli there is a very perfect marble tri- umphal arch dedicated to JI. Aurelius Antoninus and L. Aurelius Verus, which will be found beautifully figured in Captain Lyons Travels in N. Africa, p. 18. Many other Roman remains have been found here, especially glass urns, some of which have been sent to England. For some time it was thought that a coin of An- toninus, with the " epigraph" col. avg. oce., was to be referred to tliis town. (Eckhel, vol. iv. p. 131.) Its riiiht to claim this is now contested. (Duchalais, Restitution a Olbasa de Pisidie, a Jeru- salem et aux Gontrks Occ. de la Haute Asia de trots Monnaies Coloniales attributes a Ocea, Revue Nu- mismatique, 1849, pp. 97—103; Beechey, Exped. to the Coast of Africa, pp. 24—32; Barth, Wander- unyen, pp. 294, 295, 391.) [E. B. J.] OEA (Ofa, 0'?;). 1. A town in Aegina. [Vol. I. p. 34, a.] 2. A town in Thera. [Tiikra]. OEANTHEIA or OEAiNTIIE {Oldvetia, Ilel- lanic. ap. Steph. B., Polyb., Pans.; Oidi-ei}, Hecatae. ap. Steph. B., Plin. iv. 3. s. 4; TE-vavQis, Scylax, p. 14; Zuavdia, Ptol. iii. 15. § 3; Eth. OiavOds: Galaxidhi), an important town of the Locri Ozolae, situated at the western entrance of the Crissaean gulf Polybius says that it is opposite to Aegeira in Achaia (iv. 57, comp. v. 1 7), which agrees with II H