Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/45

 JERUSALEM. forms a small plain, which is cultivated by the villagers of Siloani. In the mouth of the southern valley which forms the continuation of these three valleys towards the Dead Sea, is a deep well, variously called the Well of Nehemiah, of Job, or Joab; supposed to be identical with Knroc;el, " the well of the spies," mentioned in the borders of Judah and Benjamin, and elsewhere {Josh. xv. 7, xviii. IG ; 2 Sam. xvii. 1 7 ; 1 Kings, i. 9). On the opposite side of the valley, over against the Mount of Otfcnce, is another high rocky hill, facing Mount Sion, called the Hill of Evil Council, from a tradition that the house of Annas the high- priest, father-in-law to Caiaphas (67. John, xviii. 13, 24), once occupied this site. There is a curious coincidence with this in a notice of Josephus, who, in iiis account of the wall of circumvallation, mentions the monument of Ananus in this part (v. 12. § 2); whieii monument has lately been identified with an ancient rock-gnive of a higher class, — the Aceldama of eeclesixstical tradition, — a little below the ruins on this hill ; which is again attested to be " the Potter's Field," by a stratum of white clay, which is still worked. (Schultz, Jerusalem, p. 39.) This grave is one of a series of sepulchres ex- cavated in the lower part of this liill ; among which are several bearing Greek inscriptions, of which all that is dearly intelligible are the words THC. An AC. CItoN., indicating that they belonged to inhabitants or communities in Jerusalem. (See the Inscriptions in KrafFt, and the comments on his decipherments in the Holy City, Memoir, pp. 56 —CO). Higher up the Valley of Ilinnom is a large and very ancient pool, now called the Sultan's {Birhet-cs- Sultaii), from the fact that it was repiiired, and adorned with a handsome fountain, by Sultan Sulinian Ibn- Selim, 1520 — 15GG, the builder of the present city- wall. It is, however, not only mentioned in the medi- aeval notices of the city, but is connected by Nehemiah with another antiquity in the vicinity, called En-ncbi Daud. On Mount Sion, immediately above, and to the east of the jwol, is a large and irregular mass of building, supposed by Christians, Jews, and Moslems, to contain the Tomb 0/" JJavid, and oi his successors the kings of Judah. It has been said that JI. de Sanlcy lias attempted an elaborate proof of the iden- tity of the Tombs of the Kings, at the head of the Vfilley of Jehoshaphat, with the Tomb of David. His theory is inadmissable ; for it is clear, from the notices of Nehemiah, that the Sepulchres of David were not far distant from the Pool of " Siloah," close to "the pool that was made,''and, consequently, on that part of Mount Sion where they are now shown. (A"e- hem. hi. 16 — 19.) The memory of David's tomb was still preserved until the destruction of Jerusalem (Josephus, Ant. xiii. 8. § 4, xvi. 7. § 1 ; Acts, ii. 29), and is noticed occasionally in the middle ages. (See Hall/ City, vol. ii. pp. 505 — 513.) In the same pile of buildings, now of:cupied by the Moslems, is shown the Coenaculum where our Lord is said to have in- stituted the Last Supper. Epiphanius mentions that this church was standing when Hadrian visited Jeru- .salem (^Pond. et Mens. cap. xiv.), and there St. Cyril delivered some of his catechetical lectures (Catech. xvi. 4). It was in this part of the Upper City that Titus spared the houses and city wall to form bar- racks for the soldiers of the garrison. (Vide sup.) Above the Pool of the Sult.an, the Aqueduct of Pontius Pilate, already mentioned, crosses the Valley IGILIUM. 29 of Hinnom on nine low arches; and, being carried along the side of Mount Sion, crosses the Tyropoeem by the causeway into the Haram. The water is con- veyed from Etham, or the Pools of Solomon, about two miles south of Bethlehem. (Josephus, B. J ii 9 §4.) The mention of this aqueduct recalls a notice of Strabo, which has been perpetually illustrated in the history of the city; viz., that it was ivrhs ^ef evvZpuv (KThs 5e iravTtKQis Siif/Tjpjj/ ahrh (/.iv evOSpui' TT]U Sh KiKcfi x'^P"'" fX"" ^vTrpav Kol &i'v5poi'. (xvi. p. 723.) Whence this abundant supply was derived it is extremely difficult to imagine, as, of cour^e, the aqueduct just mentioned would be im- mediately cut oil' in case of siege ; and, without this, the inhabitants of the modern city are almost entirely dependent on rain-water. But the accounts of the various sieges, and the other historical notices, as well as existing remains, all testify to the fact that there was a copious source of living water in- troduced into the city from without, by extensive subterranean aqueducts. The subject requires, and would repay, a more accurate and carelul investiga- tion. (See I/oli/ City, vol. ii. p. 453—505.) Besides the other authorities cited or referred to in the course of this article, the principal modern sources for the topography of Jerusalem are the fol- lowing: — Dr. Robinson's Biblical Researches, vols. i. and ii ; Williams's Holy City ; Dr. Wilson's Lands of the Bible; Dr. E. G. Schultz, Jerusalem; W. Krafft, Die Topographic Jerusalems ; Carl iWv, Die Erd- kunde von Asien, cfc, Paliislinn, Berlin, 1852, pp. 297 — 508: Dr. Titus Tobler, Gohjotha, 1851; Die Siloahquclle unci die Oelberg, 1852; DeulMdtter avs Jerusalem, 1853; F. de ikiuky, Voyage autour de la Mer Morte, torn. 2. [G. W.] COIXS OF AELIA CAPITOLINA (JERUSALEM). lESPUS. [Jaccetani.] JEZREEL. [ESDKAELA.] IGILGILI QlyLyii, Ptol. : Jijell), a sea-port of Mauretania Caesariensis, on the Sinus Numidicus, made a Roman colony by Augustus. It stands on a headland, on the E. side of which a natural road- stead is formed by a reef of rocks running parallel to the shore; and it was probably in ancient times the emporium of the surrounding country. (Itin. Ant. p. 18; Plin. v. 2. s. I ; Ptol. iv."2. § 11; Ammian. Marc. xxix. 5; Tab. Pent.; Shaw, Tra- vels, p. 45; l]a.nh,Wanderungen,(fc., p. 66.) [P.S.] IGILIUM {Giglio), an island off the coast of