Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/418

 402 NAUCRATIS. into any other port or mouth of the Nile, they were compelled either to sail round to Naucratis, or to transmit their cargoes thither in the country boats. Besides these commercial privileges, the Greeks of Naucratis received from Amasis many civil and religious immunities. They appointed their own magistrates and officers for the regulation of their trade, customs, and harbour dues, and were per- mitted the free exercise of their religious worship. Besides its docks, wharves, and other features of an Hellenic city, Naucratis, contained four celebrated temples: — (1) That of Zeus, founded by colonists from Aegina; (2) of Hera, built by the Samians in honour of their tutelary goddess; (3) of Apollo, erected by the Milesians; and (4) the most ancient and sumptuous of them all, the federal temple entitled the Hellenium, which was the com- mon property of the lonians of Chios, Teos, Pho- caea. and Clazomenae; of the Dorians of Rhodes, Cnidus, and Halicarnassus; and of the Aetoliaus of tivals; and were, according to Athenaeus(xiii.p.596, XV. p. 676), devout worshippers of Aphrodite. The two principal manufactures of Naucratis were that of porcelain and wreathes of flowers. The former received from the silicious matter abounding in the earth of the neighbourhood a high glaze; and the potteries were important enough to give names to the Potter's Gate and the Potter's Street, where such wares were exposed for sale. (Id. xi. p. 480.) The garlands were, according to Athenaeus (xv. p. 671, seq.), made of myrtle, or, as was some- times said, of flowers entwined with the filaments of the papyrus. Either these garlands must have been artificial, or the makers of them possessed some secret for preserving the natural flowers, since they were exported to Italy, and held in high esteem by the Roman ladies. (Boetticher, Sahinu, vol. i. pp. 228, seq.) Athenaeus gives a particular account (iv. pp. 1 50, seq.) of the Prytaneian dinners of the Naucratites, as well as of their general disposi- tion to luxurious living. Some of their feasts appear to have been of the kind called " av/xSoKa," where the city provided a banqueting-room and wine, but the guests brought their provisions. At wedding entertainments it wiis forbidden to introduce either eggs or pastiy sweetened with honey. Naucratis was the birthplace of Athenaeus (iii. p. 73, vii. p. 301); of Julius Pollux, the an- tiquaiy and grammarian ; and of certain obscure historians, cited by Athenaeus, e. g. Lyceas, Phylar- chus, Psycharmus, Herostratus, &c. Heliodorus {Aethiop. vi. p. 229) absurdly says that Aristo- phanes, the comic poet, was born there. Naucratis, howe^'er, was the native city of a person much more conspicuous in liis day than any of the above men- tioned, viz., of Cleomeues, commissioner-general of finances to Alexander the Great, after his conquest of Aegypt. But neither the city nor Aegypt in general had much reason to be proud of him ; for he was equally oppressive and dishonest in his admi- nistration ; and having excited in the Delta a general feeling of discontent against the Macedonians, he was put to death by Ptolemy Lagus. (Arrian, Hxp. Alex. iii. 5, vii. 23; Diodor. xviii. 14; Pseud. Aristot. Oeconom. ii. 34. s. 40.) Herodotus probably landed at Naucratis, on his entrance into Aegypt ; but he did not remain there. It was, however, for some time the residence of the legislator Solon, who there exchanged his Attic oil and honey fur Aegyptian millet; and is said to have NAUPACTUS. taken sundry hints for his code of laws from the statutes of the Pharaohs. (Plutarch, Sulon, 26.) Naucratis, like so many others of the Deltaic cities, began to decline after the foundation of Alex- andreia. Situated nearly 30 miles from the sea, it could not compete with the most extensive and commodious haven then in the world ; and with the Macedonian invasion its monopoly of the Mediter- ranean traffic ceased. Its exact site is unknown, but is supposed to correspond nearly with that of the modern hamlet of Salhadschar, where consider- able heaps of ruin are extant. (Niebuhr, Travels in Arabia, p. 97.) The coins of Naucratis are of the age of Trajan, and represent on their obverse a laureated head of the emperor, and on their reverse the figure of Anubis, or a female holding a spear. (Rasche, Lexic. R. Kumar, s. v.) [W. B. D.] NAVILUBIO (Plin. iv. 20. s. 34 ; NaouiA- Xouv'Lcovos TTOTa/xov €K@oAai, Ptol. ii. 6. § 4), a river on the N. coast of Hispania Tarraconensis, now Navia. NAU'LOCHUS, an island, or rather reef, off the Sammonian promontory, in Crete (Plin. iv. 12), the same as the Nau.machos of Pomponius Jlela (ii. 7. §13; Hock, Kreta, vol. i. p. 439.) [E. B. J.] NAU'LOCHUS or NAU'LOCHA (NauAoxa, Appian), a place on the N. coast of Sicily, between Mylae and Cape Pelorus. It is known only from the great sea-tight in which Sextus Pompeius was defeated by Agrippa, b. C. 36, and which was fought between Mylae and Naulochus. (Suet. Aug. 16; Appian, 5.' C. V. 116—122.) [JIylae.] Pom- peius himself during the battle had been encamped with his land forces at Naulochus (Appian /. c. 121), and after his victory, Octavian, in his turn, took up his station there, while Agrippa and Lepidus ad- vanced to attack Messana. {Ih. 122.) It is clear from its name that Naulochiis was a place where there was a good roadstead or anchorage for ship- ping; but it is probable that there was no town of the name, though Silius Italicus includes it in his list of Sicilian cities. (Sil. Ital. xiv. 264.) From the description in Appian it is clear that it was situated between ]Iylae and Cape Rasoculmo (the Phalacrian Promontory of Ptolemy), and probably not very far from the latter point; but there is nothing to fix its site more definitely. [E. H. B.] NAU'LOCHUS (NayAoxos), a small port on the coast of Thrace, belonging to Mesembria, called by Pliny Tetranauloch us. (Strab. vii. p. 319, ix. p. 440; Phn. iv. 11. s. 18.) NAUJIACHOS. [Naulochus, No. l.j NAUPACTUS (yiavTzaKros : Eth. 'NaviraKTio^ : E'pakto by the Greek peasants, Lepanto by the Italians), an important town of the Locri Ozolae, and the best harbour on the northern coast of the Corinthian gulf, was situated just within the entrance of this gulf, a little e.ist of the promontory Antir- rhium. It is said to have derived its name from the Heracleidae having here built the fleet with which they crossed over to Peloponnesus. (Strab. ix. p. 426 ; Pans. x. 38. § 10 ; Apollod. ii. 8. § 2.) Though Naupactus was indebted for its historical importance to its harbour at the entrance of the Corinthian gulf, it was probably originally chosen as a site for a city on account of its strong hill, fertile plains, and copious supply of running water. (Leake, NortJiern Greece, vol. ii. p. 608.) After the Persian wars it fell into the power of the Athe- nians, who settled there the Messenians, who had been compelled to leave their country at the end of the
 * Mytilene. They also observed the Dionysiac fes-