Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/414

 398 NARBASORUM FORUM. interview with Hannibal, before the great battle of the 19th of October, b. c. 202 (Liv. xxx. 29, the reading Mapyapn', Polyb. xv. 5, is false). Narag- gera was 30 or .32 M. P. to the W. of Sicca (12 M. P. Peut. Tab.), and 20 M. P. to the E. of Thagura. (Anton. Jtin.) Shaw {Trav. p. 130) found at Cass'r Jehir, some fragments of an aqueduct with other footsteps of an ancient city, which, with the fountains close adjoining, and the absence of good ■water in the neighbourhood, induced him to believe that this was the spot near which Scipio is said to have encamped for the benefit of the water. These ruins at Kaifsr Jehir are marked in the Carte de la province de Constcmtine, Paris, 1837. Comp. Barth, Karte Vom Nord Afrikanischen Gestadeland. [E. B. J.] N ARB ASO'RUM F0EU5I. [Gallaecia, Vol. I. p. 934, a.] NARBO MARTIUS (v ■NdpSoiv. Eth. JiapSw- PT](Tios, 'Nap€wviTrjs, NapSalos, Narbonensis : Nar- bmine), a town of the Provincia or Gallia Nar- bonensis. Ptolemy (ii. 10. § 9) enumerates it among the inland towns of the Volcae Tectosages, under the name of Narbon Colonia. He places it five minutes south of the latitude of Massalia (^Mar- seille), and in 43° N. lat. It is, however, some minutes north of 43° N. lat., and more than five minutes south of Massilia. Hipparchus placed Narbo and JIassilia nearly in the same latitude. (Strab. ii. p. 106.) Narbo was on the Atax (Aticle), and xli. M.P. from the sea. (Plin. iii. 4.) Pliny seems to place Narbo in the territory of the Volcae Tectosages, but his text is obscure. Strabo (iv. p. 186) distinctly places Xarbo in the territory of the Volcae Arecomici, but he adds that Nemausus was their chief city. It seems, indeed, more pro- bable that the Volcae Arecomici possessed the coast about Na7-bo, for the chief city of the Tectosages was Tolosa (^Toulouse), in the basin of the Garonne. Mela (ii. 5) calls Narbo a colonia of the Atacini [Atax] and the Decumani. Ausonius (De Claris Lfrhibus, Narbo) does not say, as some have supposed, that Narbo was in the territory of the Tectosages, but that the Tectosages formed the ■western part of Narbonensis, which is true. The conclusion from Caesar (B. G. vii. 6) is that Narbo was not in the country of the Arecomici ; but Caesar did not trouble himself about such matters. The position of Narbo at Narbonne is easily de- termined by the name, by the river Atax, and by the measures along the road from Italy into Spain. The road from Arelate (Aries) through Nemausus (Nmes), Cessero (St. Tiheri), and Baeterrae (Be- ziers) to Narbo, is in the Antoniue Itin. There is also a route both in the Antonine Itin. and in the Tiible from Burdigala (Bwdeaux), through Tolosa (Toulmtse) and Carcaso (Carcassotme) to Narbo. The name Narbon (?; NdpSuv) was also one name of the river Atax, for Polybius calls the river Narbon. [Atax.] The form Narbona occurs in inscriptions; and there is authority for this form also in the MSS. of Caesar. (B. G. iii. 20, ed. Schn., and viii. 46.) According to Stephanus (s. v.), Mar- cianus calls it Narbonesia; but this is clearly an adjective form. Hecataeus, who is the authority for the Ethnic name 'NapSaioi, must have supposed a name Narba or Narbe. The origin of the name Martins is not certain. The Roman colony of Narbo was settled, b. c. 118, in the consulship of Q. Mar- cius Rex and M. Porcius Cato; but the founder of the colony was L. Licinius Crassus. (Cic. Brut. NARBO. c. 43.) It has been conjectured that the name Martins was given to the place because of the war- like natives of the country against whom the settlers had to protect themselves. But this is not probable. Others, again, have conjectured that its name is derived from the Legio !Martia (Veil. Pater, ii. 8, ed. Burmann); and the orthography Martia is defended by an inscription, Narbo IIart. (Gruter, ccxsix.), and a coin of Goltzius. To this it is ob- jected, by a writer quoted by Vkert (Gallien, p. 410), that the Legio Martia was first formed by Augustus, and that Cicero mentions the title Martins. (Ad Fain. X. 33.) Forbiger copies Ukert. It appears that neither of them looked at Cicero's letter, in ■n'hich he speaks, not of Narbo Martius or IIarciu3, but of the Legio Martia, which existed before the time of Augustus. Cicero, however, does speak of NiU'bo Marcius, as it stands in Orelli's text. (Pro Font. c. 1.) The Latin MSS. write the word both Marcius and Martius ; and the same variation occurs in many other words of the same termination. The most probable conclusion is, that the name Martius or Slarcius is the name of the consul Marcius (b. c. 118), who was fighting in this year against a Li- gurian people, named Stoeni. The name may have been written Narbo JIarcius in Cicero's time, and afterwards corrupted. Narbo was an old town, placed in a good position on the road into Spain and into the basin of the Garonne; a commercial place, we may certainly assume, from the earliest time of its existence. There was a tradition that the country of Nar- bonne was once occupied by Bebryces. (Dion Cass. F7-u(j. Vales, vi. ed. Reim., and the reference to Zo- naras.) The earliest writer who mentions Narbo is Hecataeus, quoted by Stephanus; and, accordingly, we conclude that Narbo was well known to the Greeks in the fifth century before the Christian aera. The first Roman settlement in South Gallia was Aquae Sestiae (Aix), on the east side of the Rhone. The second was Narbo Martius, by which the Romans secured the road into Spain. Cicero calls Narbo " a colony of Roman citizens, a watch tower of the Roman people, and a bulwark opposed .and placed in front of the nations in those parts." During Caesar's wars in Gallia this Roman cqlony was an important position. When P. Cr.assus in- vaded Aquitania (b. c. 56) he got help from Tolosa, Carcaso, and Narbo, at all which places there was a muster-roll of the fighting men. (B. G. iii. 20.) In the great rising of the GaUi (b. c. 52), Narbo was threatened by Lucterius, but Caesar came to its relief. (B. G. vii. 7.) A second colony was settled at Narbo, or the old one rather strength- ened by a supplementum under the dictator Caesar (Sueton. Tiber, c. 4) by Tiberius Claudius Nero, the father of the emperor Tiberius. Some of the tenth legion, Caesar's favourite legion, were settled here, as we may infer from the name Decunianoi-um Colonia. (Plin. iii. 4.) The name Julia Paterna, which appears on inscriptions and in JIartial, is derived from the dictator Caesar. The establish- ment of Narbo was the cause of the decline of Massilia. Strabo, who wrote in the time of Au- gustus and Tiberius, says (iv. p. 186): " that Narbo is the port of the Volcae Arecomici, but it might more properly be called the port of the rest of Celtice; so much does it surpass other towns in trade." (The latter part of Strabo's text is coiTupt here.) The tin of the north-west part of the Spanish peninsula and of Britain passed by way of Narbo, as