Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/292

 276 MARIANA FOSSA. tm the site previously occupied by the Gi*eek city of Nicaea mentioned by Diodorus (Diod. v. 13 ; Clu- ver. Swil. p. 508). Its name is mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary (p. 85), which erroneously reck- ons it 40 miles from Aleria ; the ruins of Mariana, which are still extant under their ancient name at the mouth of the river Golo, beine; only about 30 miles N. of those of Aleria. They are 15 miles S. of the modern city of Bastia. The ancient remains are inconsiderable, but a ruined cathedral still marks the site, and gives title to the bishop who now re- sides at Bastia. (Rampoldi, Diz. Geogr. vol. ii. p. 589.) [E. H. B.] MAIilA'NA FOSSA. [Fossa Mariana.] JIAHIANDY'NI {Uapiav^vvol, Mapiavfivoi, or MapvavSufol), an ancient and celebrated tribe in the north-east of Bitliynia, between the rivers San- garius and Billaeus, on the exist of the tribe called Thyni or Bithyni. (Scylax, p. 34 ; Plin. vi. 1.) According to Scylas, they did not extend as far west as the Sangarius, for according to him the river Hypius formed the boundary between the Bithyni and Mariandyni. Strabo (vii. p. 295) expresses a belief that the Mariandyni were a branch of the Bithynians, a belief to which he was probably led by the resemblance between their names, and which cannot be well reconciled with the statement of Herodotus (iii. 90), who clearly distinguishes the Mariandyni from the Thracians or Thyni in Asia. In the Persian army, also, they appear quite sepa- rated from the Bithyni, and their armour resembles that of the Paphlagonians, which was quite dif- ferent from that of theBithyni. (Herod, vii. 72, 75 ; comp. Strab. ni. p. 345, xii. p. 5-12.) The chief city in their tenitory was Heraclea Pontica, the in- habitants of which reduced the Mariandyni, for a time, to a state of servitude resembling that of the Cretan Mnoae, or the Thessalian Penestae. To what race they belonged is uncertain, though if their Thracian origin be given up, it must probably be admitted that they were akin to the Paphlagonians. In the division of the Persian empire they formed part of the third Persian satrapy. Their country ■was called Mariandynia (MapiauSvvia, Steph. B. s. v.), and Pliny speal:s of a Sinus Mariandynus on their coast. (Comp. Hecat. Fragm. 201 ; Aeschyl. Pers. 932 ; Xen. Slnah. vi. 4. § 4, Cyrop. i. 1. § 4; Ptol. V. 1. § 11; Scymn. Fragm. 199 ; Dionys. Perieg. 788; Mela, i. 19; Athen. xiv. p. 620; Apollon. Argon, ii. 724; Constant. Porph. Them. i. 7.) [L. S.] JIARIA'NUS MONS (rh Vlapiavhv opos, Ptol. ii. 4. § 15; Mons Mariorum, /*. Anton, p. 432: Sierra Moreno), a mountain in Hispania Baetica, properly only a western offshoot of the Orospeda, and probably the mountain which Strabo describes, (iii. p. 142), without mentioning its name, as running parallel to the river Baetis, and full of mines. Hence Pliny (xxxiv. 2) speaks of " aes Marianum, quod et Cordubense dicitur." The eastern part of this mountain was called Saltus Castulonensis. [Castulo.] .AIARI'CAE LUCUS. [Liris.J MARIDE (Ammian. xviii. 6), a castle or forti- fied town in Jlesopotamia, mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus in his account of Constantius. There can be no doubt that it is the same as the present Mardin, which is seated on a considerable eminence looking southward over the plains of Mesopota- mia, [v.] MARIDUNUM (MapfSouror, Ptol. ii. 3. § 23), in MARITBIA. Britain, a town in the country of the Demetae, now Carmarthen. In the time of Giraldus Cambrensis the Roman w.alls were in part standing (" est igitur haec urbs antiqua coctilibus muris partem adhuc extantibus egregie clausa," Itin. Camb. lib. i. c. 10). rc.R-S.] MARINIA'NA,also called ^Iavrias A(^It.Hieros. p. 562), a town in Pannonia, on the frontier between Upper and Lower Pannonia, on the road from Jovia to Mursa. {It. Ant. p. 130.) It is possible that the place may have been the same as the one called by Ptolemy (ii. 14. § 6) Ma7vio»'o. (Comp. Geogr. Rav. iv. 19, and Tab. Pent.) [L. S.] MAEIO'NIS (Mapioii/is). Two towns of this name are mentioned by Ptolemy (ii. 11. § 27) in the north- west of Germany. As the name seems to indicate a maritime town, it has been inferred that one of them was the modem Eamhurg, or Marne at the mouth of the Elbe, and the other Liibech or Wisinar. But nothing certain can be said about the matter. [L. S.] ilARIS. [Marisus.] MARISUS {Udpiaos, Strab. rii. 304; Mdpts, Herod, iv. 49 ; Marisia, .Jornand. de Reh. Get. 5 ; Geogr. Rav.), a river of Dacia, which both Herodotus (I. c.) and Strabo (JL. c.) describe as falling into the Danube ; it is the same as the Marosch, which falls into the Theiss. (Heeren, Asiat. Nations, vol. ii. p. 10, trans. ; Schafarik, Slav. Alt. vol. i. p. 507.) [E. B. J.] MARITHI MONTES (ra Map(0a or Mape.Oa oprf), a mountain chain in the interior of Arabia, the middle of which is placed by Ptolemy, who alone mentions them, in long. 80° 30', lat. 21° 30', and round which he groups the various tribes of this part of the peninsula, viz., the Melangitae (MeAa7- •yiTai) and Dachareni (al. Dacharemoizae, AaxapV- voi), on the north; the Zeritae (Zeiplrai), Bliulaei (BAiouXaioi), anil Omaiiitae COfJ-a.-yKiTai), on the south ; to the east of the last were the Cattabeni, extending to the Monies Asaborum. [Melanes MoNTEsJ (Ptol. vi. 7. § 20.) They appear to correspond in situation with the Jebel 'A thai, on the south of Wady-el-Afldn, in Ritter's map. (Forster, Geog. of Arabia, vol. ii. p. 266.) [G. W.] MARI'TIMA, a town of Gallia Narbonensis on the coast. Mela (ii. 5) says, that " between Massilia and the Rhodanus Maritima was close to the Avati- corum stagnum ; " and he adds that a " fossa" dis- charges a part of the lake's water by a navigable mouth. Pliny in a passage before quoted [Fossa SLv- RIANA, Vol.1, p. 912], also calls" Maritima a town of the Avatici, above which are the Campi Lapidei." Ptolemy (ii. 18. § 8) places Maritima of the Avatici east of the eastern branch of the Rhone, and he calls it Colonia. The name is Avatici in the Greek texts of Ptolemy that are now printed, but it is Anatili in the Latin text of Pirckeym, and perhaps in other Latin texts. It does not seem certain which is the true reading. Walckenaer {Geog. ^-c. vol. i. p. 188) assumes that Anatili is the true reading in Ptolemy. D'Anville concludes that Maritima was between Ma7-seille and the canal of Marius, and that Mar- tigues is the site ; but there is no reason for fixing on Martigiies, except that it is between the Rhone and Marseille, and that there is some little resem- blance between the two names. It is said that no traces of remains have been found at Martigues^ which, however, is not decisive against it, if it is true ; and it is not true. Martigues is near the outlet of the E'tang de Berre. Walckenaer observes, that