Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/285

 MARATHON. The exact ground occupied by the Greek and Persian armies at the battle of Marathon can only be a matter of conjecture. Col. I.eake, whose account is both probable and consistent, though Mr. Finlay differs from him, supposes that the Athe- nian camp was in the valley of Vrann near its open- ins; into the plain; that on the day of battle the Athenian line extended from a little in front of the Heracleium, at the foot of 3ft. Argallki, to the bend of the river of Marathona, below the village of Sefiri ; and that the Persians, who were 8 stadia in front of them, had their right resting on Mt. Koraki. and their left extending to the southern marsh, which prevented them from liaving a front much greater than that of the Athenians. (See Plan, AA, BB.) When the Persians defeated the Athenian centre, they pursued the latter up one or both of the two valleys on either side of Mt. JIAP.ATIIUS. 2f.O Kotroni, since Herodotus says that the pursuit continued quite into the interior (er rrjv fieirdyaiav). Nearly at the same time the Persian left and right were defeated; but instead of pursuing them, the Athenians returned towards the field to the aid of their own centre. The Persian right fled towards the narrow pass leading into the plain of Tricorv- thus; and here numbers were forced into the marsh, as Pausanias relates. (Leake, The Demi of Attica, vol. ii. pp. 77, 203, originally published in Transactions of the Royal Society of Litei-atiire, 1829, vol. ii. ; Finlay, Ibid. vol. iii. p. 363; Wordsworth, Athens and Attica, p. 44; Mure, Jour7ial of a Tour in Greece, voX. ii. p. 101; Thirlwall, Hist, of Greece, vol. ii. p. 239; Grote, Hist, of Greece, vol. ii. p. 466; Mure, Hist, of Greek Literature, vol. iv. pp. 510, 549, 550; Blakesley's Herodotus, vol. ii. p. 1 72.) PLAN OF THE PLAIN OF MARATHOX. A A. Position of the Greeks on the day of the battle. 13 B. Do. Persians do. 1 . Mt. Argaliki. 2. Mt. Aforismo. 3. Mt. Kotroni, 4. Mt. Knrdki. 5. Mt. DhrakonSra. r,. SniHll Marsh. 7. Great Marsh. 8. Foiintiiin Macuria. n. Salt lake of Dtirahomra 10. Heracleium. MAPATHUS (Mapa0os: Eth. MapaO-nvaios al. Mapa0f,i/os), a city on the coast of Syria, north of Arailus, placed by Ptolemy in the district of Cas- siotis, which extended as far north as Antioch. It is joined with Enydra, and was a ruiti in Strabo's time. It was on the confines of Phocnice, and the 11. Temple of Athena Ilellotia ? 12. Village of iower SS/2. 13. Sard: tumulus of Athenians. 14. Pyrgo: tomb of Miltiades. Eoads: — a a. To Athens, between Mts. Pentelicus and Ily- mettus through Pallene. b b. To Athens, through Ccphisia. cc. To Athens, through Ai)hidna. dd. To Rhamnus. district was then under the dominion of the Aradians (Strab. xvi. p. 753 ; comp. Plin. v. 20), who had hern foiled in a former attempt to reduce it to their power. The story, as given in a fragment of Diodorns (lib.xxxiii. vol. X. p. 76 — 78, ed. Ripont; vol. ii. p. 593, ed. We, s.), is as follows. The people of Aradus having