Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/276

 260 MANIMI. broad street or way between the two, and a ditch on the outside. At present they are nowhere more tlian six feet in height. The modern town of Man- duria (a flourishing place, with about 6000 inha- bitants) does not occupy tlie site of the ancient city; the latter having been destroyed by the Saracens, the few remaining inhabitants settled at a place called Casal Ntiovo^ which appellation it retained till towards the close of the eighteenth century, when, having grown into a considerable town, it resumed, by royal license, its ancient name of Manduria. (Swinburne, Travels, vol. i. p. 222; Eomanelli, vol. i. p. 53; Giustiniani, Diz. Geogr. vol. v. p. 338.) Pliny mentions the existence at Wanduria of a well or spring of water, vyhicli was always full to the brim, and could not be either increased or diminished in quantity. This natural curiosity is still shown by the inhabitants of ifandwia, and lias been described by several recent travellers ; it is said that it preserves a constant equality in the level of its waters, notwithstanding any addition that may be made to them or any quantity that mav be withdrawn, — a statement exactly coinciding with that of Pliny. (Plin. ii. 103. s. 106; Swin- burne, Travels, vol. i. p. 223; K. Craven, Travels, })p. 1 65 — 167.) The expression used by that author, who calls the basin or reservoir of the water " lacus," lias given rise to the erroneous notion that there existed a lake in the neighbourhood of Manduria, for which there is no foundation in fact. [E. H. B.] MANIMI, a tribe of the Lygii, in the north-east of Germany (Tac. Germ. 43). They occupied the country south of the Burgundionos, and appear to be the same as the Omanni COiJ-avvoi) of Ptolemy (ii. 11. § 18; Zeuss, Die DeiUscken, -p. 124). [L. S.] MANI'TAE (Maj/iTai), an inland tribe of Arabia Felix, situated west of the Thanuetac, and south of the Salapeiii, north of the " inner P'rankincense " country (^ ivrhs '2/j.upvo<p6pos, Ptol. vi. 7. § 23). The position of Ptolemy's " Manitae," west of his Kata- nitae, and of Zanies Mons, together with the near resemblance of name, implies their being the same with the Mazei/ne of Burckhardt, the most eastern of the Harb tribes, situated on the borders of Karym in the line of country between Medina and Derayeh. (Forster, Geog. of Arabia, vol. ii. p. 249.) [G. W.] MA'NIUS SINUS (Ma'^'ior /cdATroj, Seyl. p. 8), that part of the sea off the coast of Dalmatia into which the river Nai-o discharged itself, and in which the Liburnian group of islands is situated. In modern times it bears no distinctive name. [E.B.J.] MANLIA'NA) UavKiava ^ UapXiava, Ptol. iv. 2. § 25), an inland town of Mauretania, upon the position of which there is a great disagreement be- tween Ptolemy and the author of the Itinerary. The first places it 10' to the W. of Oppidum Novum, and the latter 18 M. P. to the E. of that place. The modern MiVuma, on the slopes of the Lesser A tlas, preserving the ancient name, may be presumed to represent the old town, both of Ptolemy and the Itinerary, in which a Christian community was established. (Augustin. Ep. ccxxxvi. ; Morcelli, Africa Christiana, vol. i. p. 211.) Shaw {Tra- vels, pp. 62 — 64) found remains of Roman archi- tecture, and a " cippus " with an inscription which he refers to some of the descendants of Cn. Pompeius (Barth, Wanderungen, pp. 58, 2*Jr-) ■ [E. B. J.] iMANLIA'NUS SALTUS. [Idueeda.] MANNAUITIU.M, in north Gallia, is placed by the Antonine Itin. on a road which leads from MANTINEIA Lugdunum through Trajectum {Utrecht) to CaiTO [Cakvo]. It is 15 M. P. from Trajectum to Man- naritium,and 16 M. P. from Mannaritium to Carvo. Mannaritium may be Maaren. But other places have been suggested. [G. L.] MANRALI (MdcpoXot, Ptol. v. 10. § 6), a people on the coast of Colchis, whose name has been traced in the modern 3Iingrelia. [E. B. J.] MANTALA, a place in Gallia Narbonensis, on the road from Vienna ( Vienne) to Darantasia {Moiir- tiers en Tarentaise'). It is the next station after Lemincum [Lemincum], and 16 M. P. from it. The Antonine Itin. and the Table agree as to the position of Mantala. The site of the station Mantala may be, as D'Anville suggests, at a place on the Isere, named Gressi, which is commanded by an old building named Montailleu. ("G. L.] MANTIANA LACUS. [Aesissa.] MANTINEIA (MofTiVeja: Eth. Maj'T£j'€i5j,Man- tinensis : PaleopoW), one of the most ancient and powerful towns in Arcadia, situated on the borders of Argolis, S. of Orchomenns, and N. of Tegea. Its territory was called Mantinice (JA.avriviKii). Tho city is mentioned in the Homeric catalogue as Moi'- Tivir] fpareiui], and, according to tradition, it de- rived its name from Mantineus, a son of Lycaon. (Hom. 77. ii. 607; Pol. ii. 56; Pans. viii. 8. § 4.) Mantineia originally consisted of four or five distinct villages, the inhabitants of which were collected into one city. (Xen. Sell. v. 2. § 6, seq. ; Strab. viii. p. 337; Diod. xv. 5.) If Strabo is correct instating that this incorporation was brought about by the Argives, we may conjecture, with Mr. Grote, that the latter adopted this proceeding as a means of provid- ing some check upon their powerful neighbours of Tegea. The political constitution of Mantineia is mentioned by Polybius as one of the best in anti- quity; and the city had acquired so great a repu- tation at an early period, that the Cyrenaeans, in the reign of Battus III. (b. c. 550 — 530), when weakened by internal seditions, were recommended to apply to the Mantineians, who sent to them Demonax to settle their constitution. (Pol. vi. 43; Herod, iv. 161.) Some time before the Persian wars, Manti- neia, like the other Arcadian towns, had acknow- ledged the Spartan supremacy; and accordingly the Mantineians fought against the Persians as the allies of Sparta. Five hundred of their citizens fought at Thermopylae, but their contingent arrived on the field of Plataea immediately after the battle. (Herod, vii. 202, ix. 77.) In the Peloponnesian War, Mantineia was at first a member of the Pelo- ponnesian confederacy; but several causes tended to estrange her from the Spartan alliance. Mantineia and Tegea were, at this time, the two most impor- tant Arcadian states, and were frequently engaged in hostilities. In b. c. 423, they fought a bloody and indecisive battle, which is mentioned by Thu- cydides (iv. 134). Tegea, being oligarchically governed, was firmly attached to Sparta; whereas JIantineia, from her possessing a liemocratical con- stitution, as well as from her hatred to Tegea, was disposed to desert Sparta on the first favourable op- portunity. In addition to this, the Mantineians had recently extended their dominion over the Parrha- sians and had garrisoned a fortress at Cypsela, near the site where Megalopolis was afterwards built. Well aware that the Lacedaemonians would not allow them to retain their recent acquisitions, as it was the policy of Sparta to prevent the increase of any political power in the Peloponnesus, the Manti-