Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/271

 MALECECA. tain in the interior of India, which he calls Slons Maleus {vi. 19. s. 22). It has been supposed that he may refer to the western Ghats ; but as Maleus is evidently derived from the Sanscrit viala, a moun- tain, this identification cannot, we think, be main- tained. [V.j MALECECA. [Lusitania, p. 220, a.] MALE'NE (MaAT^crj), a place near Atarneus, where Histiaeus was defeated by the Persians, is not mentioned by any ancient author except Herodotus (vi. 29). [L. S.] MALETHUBALON (MaXteovgaXou, Ptol. iv. 2. § 15; Nobbe, ad he. reads MoAeflopgaSoi'), a moun- tain of JIauretania Caesariensis, which is identified with Jehel Nad'iir in the Sahara. (Shaw's Travels, p. 56.) [E. B.J.] MALEVENTUM. [Beneventum.] MA'LEUM P. (Maeci) i.Kpov, Ptol. vii. 1. § 4), a promontory which forms the southern termination of Syrastrene (now Cutch). It separate I the gulfs of Canthi (the Runn of Ctitch) and Barygaza (Cam- bay). ^ [v.] MA'LIA (MaAta : Eth. MoAieus), a town in Hispaiiia Tarraconensis, near Xumantia, but of which nothing more is known. (Appian, Z^jl^y. 77.) MALIACUS SINUS (6 MoAia/cbs kSKvos; Mtj- iaK6s, Thuc. iii. 96 ; Strab. ix. p. 403 ; 6 Mtj- Ajci/s kSXttot, Herod, iv. 33 ; Polyb. is. 41 : Gulf of Zituni), a long gulf of the sea, lying between the southern coast of Thessaly and the northern coast of the Locri Epicnemidii, and which derived its name from the country of the Malians, situated at its head. At the entrance of the gulf is the north- western promontory of Euboea, and the islands Li- chades, and into its furthest extremity the river Spercheius flows. The gulf is called Lamiacus Sinus (6 Aa/j.ia/cbs koKvos) by Pausani;is (i. 4. § 3, vii. 15. § 2, X. 1. § 2), from the important town of Lamia ; and in the same way the gulf is now called Zituni, which is the modern name of Lamia. Livy, who usually terms it Maliacus Sinus, gives it in one place the name of Aenianum Sinus (xxviii. 5), which is borrowed from Polybius (x. 42). (Comp. Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 4.) MALIARPHA (MaA.iap<^a, Ptol. vii. 14), a place of considerable commerce in the territory of the Arvarni, on the western coast of the Bay of Bengal, between the mouths of the Godavari and the Kistna. It is represented now by either Ma- liapur or by the ruins of Mavalipuram. [V.] MALICHI INSULAE (MaAi'xou vriffoi, Ptol. vi. 7. § 44), two islands in the Sinus Arabicus, off the south coast of Arabia Felix. One of them is the modern Sokar. MALIS(^ MaAJs77);Mr)Ais,Herod.vii.l9S: i:<7«. MoAieu J, MijAifus), a small district of Greece, at the head of the Maliac gulf, surrounded on all sides by mountains, and open only in the direction of the sea. The river Spercheius flowed through it. The limits of Malis are fixed by the description of Herodotus. It extended alittle north of the valley of the Spercheius to the narrowest part of the straits of Thermopylae. Anticyra was the northernmost town of the Malians (Herod, vii. 198); the boundary passed between Lamia and Anticyra. Anthela was their southern- most town (vii. 176, 200). Inland, the Anop;iea, the path over Mount Oeta, by which the Persians turned the army of Leonidas, in part divided the territory of the Trachinian Malians from that of the MALLL 25.^ Oetaeans (vii. 217). A more particular description of the locality is given under Tukkmopyi.ae. According to Stephanus B. {s. v. MaAieus), the Malians derived their name from a town Malleus not mentioned by any other ancient author, said to have been founded by Mains, the son of Amphic- tyon. The Malians were reckoned among the Thes- salians; but although tributary to the latter, they were genuine Hellenes, and were from the earliest times members of the Amphicytonic council. They were probably Dorians, and were always in close connection with the acknowledged Doric states. Hercules, the great Doric hero, is represented as the friend of Ceyx of Trachis, and Mount Oeta was the scene of the hero's death. Diodorus (xii. 59) even speaks of Trachis as the mother-town of Lacedaemon. When the Trachinians were hard pressed by their Oetaean neighbours, about the commencement of the Peloponnesian War, they applied for assistance to the Spartans, who founded in consequence the colony of Heracleia near Trachis. (Thuc. iii. 92.) Scylax (p. 24), who is followed by Diodorus (xviii. 1 1 ), distinguishes between the M?jAie?s and MaAie??, the former extending along the northern coast of the Maliac gulf from Lamia to Echinus ; but, as no other writer mentions these towns as be- longing to the Lamians, we ought probably to read Aa^uietj, as K. 0. Miiller observes. Thuc3'dides mentions three divisions (^fJ-tpv) of the Malians, called Paralii (YlapdMoi), Priests ('Uprjs), and Trachinii (TpaxiVioi). Who the Priests were is a matter only of conjecture : Grote supposes that they may have been possessors of the sacred spot on which the Amphictyonic meetings were held ; while Leake imagines that they were the inhabitants of the Sacred City (hpou &aTv), to which, according to Callimachas (Hymn, in Del. 287), the Hyper- borean offerings were sent from Dodona on their way to Delus, and that this Sacred City was the city Oeta mentioned by Stephanus B. The names of the Paralii and Trachinii sufficiently indicate their position. The Malians admitted every man to a share in the government, who either had served or was serving as a Hoplite (Aristot. Polit. iv. 10. § 10). In war they were chiefly famous as slLngers and darters. (Thuc. iv. 100.) Trachis was the principal town of the Malians. There were also Anticyra and Anthela on the coast ; and others, of which the names only are pre- served, such as CoLACEiA (Theopom. ap. Athen. vi. p. 254, f.), Aegoneia (Lycophr. 903 ; Steph. B. s. v.), and Irus (Schol. in Lycophr. I. c. ; Steph. B. s. v.). (Miiller, Dorians, vol. i. p. 50 ; Grote, Greece, vol. ii. p. 378; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 20.) MALLAEA, IVDVLLOEA, or MALOEA, a town of southern Perrhaebia in Thessaly, perhaps repre- sented in name by Mologhusta, which Leake con- jectures to be a corruption of Malloea, with the addition of Augusta. But as there are no remains of antiquity at Mologhusta, Leake supposes Malloea to have occupied a height on the opposite side of the river, where are some vestiges of ancient walls. (Liv. xxxi. 41, xxxvi. 10, 13. xxxix. 25 ; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 311.) MALLI (MaAAoi, Arrian, Anah. vi. 7, 8, 14), the inhabitants of the south part of the district now known by the name of the Panjdb. There was probably in ancient times a city from which they derived their name, though the name of the town is not given by ancient authors. (Arrian, I. c. ; Strab.